Diseases of the Patterns of Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of Autosomal Recessive Genetic Disorders

A

Cystic Fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
Sickle Cell Anemia
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Tay Sach’s Syndrome
Albinism

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2
Q

Autosomal Recessive Disorder:

Caused by the absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme activity

A

Phenylketonuria

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3
Q

Autosomal Recessive Disorder:

The ability to repair damage causes by UV light is deficient

A

Xeroderma Pigementosum

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4
Q

Autosomal Recessive Disorder:

Abnormal hemoglobin molecules aggregate to form rods

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

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5
Q

What are the 4 subunits of hemoglobin

A

2 alpha-globins
2 beta-globins

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6
Q

Abnormal version of beta-globin

A

Hemoglobin S

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7
Q

In Sickle Cell Anemia, Glutamic Acid is replaced by?

A

Valine

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8
Q

Autosomal Recessive Disorder:

Affects glands that produce mucus and digestive enzyme, as well as those that produce sweat

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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9
Q

In Cystic Fibrosis, production of thick mucus in the lungs is caused by what

A

Faulty chloride ion channels

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10
Q

what does CFTR mean

A

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator

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11
Q

Autosomal Recessive Disorder:

A genetic condition which is the loss of pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes

A

Albinism

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12
Q

Two types of Albinism

A

Oculocutaneous Albinism
Ocular Albinism

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13
Q

Most common type of Albinism

A

Oculocutaneous Albinism

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14
Q

Type of albinism that mainly affects the eyes

A

Ocular Albinism

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15
Q

Examples of Autosomal Dominant Genetic Disorders

A

Achondroplasia
Brachydactyly
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Marfan Syndrome
Porphyria
Progeria
Huntington’s Disease

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16
Q

Autosomal Dominant Disorder:

Dwarfism associated with abnormalities in growth

A

Achondroplasia

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17
Q

Achondroplasia is caused by the mutation of what

A

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3

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18
Q

Autosomal Dominant Disorder:

A genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, specifically LDL

A

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

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19
Q

Autosomal Dominant Disorder:

Excess growth factors are released and elasticity in many tissues is decreased, leading to overgrowth and instability of tissues

A

Marfan Syndrome

20
Q

Cause of Marfan Syndrome

A

Misfolding of Fibrillin-1

21
Q

Autosomal Dominant Disorder:

Group of rare diseases in which chemical substances called porphyrins accumulate with high metabolism

22
Q

Part of hemoglobin that carries oxygen

23
Q

Autosomal Dominant Disorder:

Caused by mutation in which the person ages rapidly

24
Q

Cause of Progeria

A

Mutation of LMNA gene

25
Responsible for making Lamin A
LMNA gene
26
Structural form of Lamin
Progerin
27
Autosomal Dominant Disorder: Central nervous system breaks down at the age of 30
Huntington's Disease
28
Huntington's Disease has a mutation of what gene?
Huntingtin
29
Building blocks of DNA that repeat more than they normally do in Huntington's Disease
Cytosine Adenine Guanine
30
In X-Linked Recessive, Males are ________ for gene of X
Hemizygous
31
Examples of X-Linked Recessive Disorders
Duchene Muscular Dystrophy Hemophilia Fragile X Syndrome
32
In DMD, what protein is encoded that supports plasma membrane during contraction
Dystrophin
33
X-Linked Recessive Disorder: Lack of clotting
Hemophilia
34
Most common form of X-Linked Hemophilia
Hemophilia A
35
X-Linked Recessive Disorder: Appearance of a gap(fragile site) in the distal part of the long arm of the x chromosome
Fragile X Syndrome
36
This is molecularly analyzed for diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome
CGG Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion Gene
37
Human gene that codes for a protein called fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP)
Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1)
38
This protein regulates the production of other proteins and plays a role in the development of synapses which are specialized connection between nerve cells
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein
39
IQ range of males with Fragile X Syndrome
20-80 (Mean of 50)
40
Second most common genetic cause of severe learning difficulties
Fragile X Syndrome
41
X-Linked Dominant Disorders
X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Alport Syndrome
42
X-Linked Dominant Disorder: An X-linked dominant form of Rickets
X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
43
In X-Linked Hypophosphatemia, ingestion of what vitamin is relatively ineffective
Vitamin D
44
What protein regulates Fibroblast Growth Factor 23
PHEX
45
X-Linked Dominant Disorder: Mutations in the genes involved in collagen type IV biosynthesis
Alport Syndrome
46
In Alport Syndrome, what gene is mutated
COL4A5 gene