Diseases of the immune System

Question 1

Anaphylaxis, allergies, and bronchial asthma are examples of what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 1

Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity

Question 2

This type of hypersensitivity is due to Th2 cells, IgE antibodies, and mast cells.

Answer 2

Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity

Question 3

Type II Hypersensitivity is also called _____

Answer 3

Antibody Mediated

Question 4

Good Pasture Syndrome, and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 4

Antibody Mediated (Type II)

Question 5

Type III hypersensitivity is also known as _____

Answer 5

Immune Complex Mediated Hypersensitivity

Question 6

SLE, and Serum Sickness are examples of what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 6

Immune Complex Mediated (Type III)

Question 7

Type IV Hypersensitivity is also known as ______

Answer 7

Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity

Question 8

Contact Dermatitis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 8

Cell Mediated (Type IV) Hypersensitivity

Question 9

Dendritic cells within in the epidermis are called _____

Answer 9

Langerhans Cells

Question 10

The genes encoding for human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are located on what chromosome?

Answer 10

Chromosome 6

Question 11

In Myasthenia Gravis antibodies are directed against ________

Answer 11

Acetylcholine Receptor

Question 12

In Goodpasture Syndrome antibodies are directed against _______

Answer 12

Basement Membrane of Lung and Kidney

Question 13

In Pernicious Anemia, antibodies are directed against ____

Answer 13

Intrinsic factor of gastric parietal cells

Question 14

Patients with this type of antibody may develop venous and arterial thrombosis and may be associated with recurrent miscarriages.

Answer 14

Antiphospholipid Antibody

Question 15

What auto antibodies are commonly seen in patients with Sjögren Syndrome?

Answer 15

SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La)

Question 16

This antibody is both specific for SLE and may indicate nephritis.

Answer 16

Double-Stranded DNA Autoantibody

Question 17

Most common and severe form of lupus nephritis.

Answer 17

Diffuse lupus nephritis (Class IV)

Question 18

Keywords: Wire loop structure on light microscopy of the kidney. (Circumferential thickening of capillary wall)

Answer 18

Lupus Nephritis (Diffuse lupus nephritis or class IV)

Question 19

Keywords: Butterfly Rash (erythema along the cheeks, and bridge of the nose)

Answer 19

SLE

Question 20

Nonbacterial verrucas endocarditis seen in patients with SLE.

Answer 20

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

Question 21

Most common cause of death in patients with SLE

Answer 21

Renal Failure

Question 22

Drugs that can cause lupus like symptoms.

Answer 22

Hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, D penicillamine

Question 23

In patients with drug induced lupus, what antibodies are commonly found?

Answer 23

Antihistone Antibody

Question 24

Chronic disease characterized by dry eyes, and dry mouth resulting from immune mediated destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands.

Answer 24

Sjögren Syndrome

Question 25

Most common auto immune disease associated with Sjögren Syndrome.

Answer 25

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 26

Patients with Sjögren Syndrome are at increased risked for developing what malignancy?

Answer 26

B-Cell Lymphoma

Question 27

What is believed to be the initiating trigger for developing Sjögren Syndrome?

Answer 27

Viral Infection of The Salivary Gland which causes cell death and release of self tissue antigens.

Question 28

CREST syndrome consists of _____

Answer 28

Calcinosis, Raynaud Phenomenon, Esophagal Dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia.

Question 29

Peak age of incidence in patients with Scleroderma

Answer 29

50-60

Question 30

Episodic vasoconstriction of the arteries and arteriolar of the extremities commonly seen in patients with scleroderma.

Answer 30

Raynaud Phenomenon

Question 31

The most ominous manifestation of Scleroderma

Answer 31

Malignant Hypertension which may cause fatal renal failure

Question 32

Major cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Answer 32

Pulmonary Disease

Question 33

The two antinuclear antibodies strongly associated with systemic sclerosis.

Answer 33

Anti DNA tropoisomerase I, and Anticentrimere Antibody

Question 34

Graft exchanged from one species to another is called_____

Answer 34

Xenografts

Question 35

An autosomal recessive condition characterized by defective fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes.

Answer 35

Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome

Question 36

This disorder is characterized by the failure of B-precursors to develop into mature B cells.

Answer 36

Bruton Agammaglobulimia (X-Linked Agammaglobuoinemia)

Question 37

Major antibody found in mucosal linings and external secretions

Answer 37

IgA

Question 38

An X-linked disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema and vulnerability to recurrent infection resulting to early death.

Answer 38

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Question 39

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome is caused by a mutation in what gene and on what chromosome?

Answer 39

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protien (WASP) on chromosome Xp11.23

Question 40

Globally what is the most common mode by which HIV is spread?

Answer 40

Heterosexual Contact

Question 41

HIV belongs to what family of viruses?

Answer 41

Lentivirus

Question 42

What HIV antigen is the most abundant and widely used to diagnose HIV infection?

Answer 42

p24

Question 43

What is the hallmark of AIDS?

Answer 43

Profound immune deficiency primarily affecting cell mediated immunity

Question 44

What is the most common neoplasm in patients with AIDS?

Answer 44

Kaposi Sarcoma

Question 45

What histochemical technique is commonly used to differentiate amyloid from other hyaline materials?

Answer 45

Congo Red

Question 46

Type I hypersensitivity is also known as _____

Answer 46

Immediate Hypersensitivity

Question 47

This is a constellation of genetically distinct syndromes all having the common defect in both humoral and cell mediated immune response.

Answer 47

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Question 48

Most common form of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SICD)

Answer 48

X-Linked SCID

Question 49

What interleukin is important for the maturation of NK Cells?

Answer 49

IL-15

Question 50

The most common form of autosomal dominant SCID is due to a deficiency in what enzyme?

Answer 50

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)

Question 51

What is the first disease in which gene therapy was successful?

Answer 51

X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Question 52

This branch of adaptive immunity protects against against extra cellular microbes and toxins.

Answer 52

Humoral Immunity

Question 53

This branch of adaptive immunity is responsible for defense against intercellular microbes.

Answer 53

Cell Mediated

Question 54

This population of T cells will stimulate B lymphocytes to make antibodies and activate other leukocytes.

Answer 54

Helper T Lymphocytes

Question 55

This T-Cell limits the immune response.

Answer 55

Regulatory T Lymphocytes

Question 56

The function of this cell is to destroy irreversibly stressed an abnormal cells such as tumor and virus infected cells.

Answer 56

Natural Killer Cells

Question 57

In this disorder patients make IgM antibodies but are deficient in their ability to make IgG, IgA, and IgE antibodies.

Answer 57

Hyper IgM Syndrome

Question 58

What is the patholophysology of Hyper IgM Syndrome?

Answer 58

Decreased ability of helper T-Cells to deliver activating signals to B-Bells and macrophages.

Question 59

The X-linked dominant form of Hyper IgM Syndrome is due to a mutation on the gene encoding _____

Answer 59

CD40L

Question 60

What is the most common complement protein deficiency?

Answer 60

C2 Deficiency

Question 61

A deficiency in C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) of the complement system gives rise to what condition?

Answer 61

Hereditary Angioedema

Question 62

Deficiency in the components making the membrane attack complex leads to increase susceptibility to what bacteria?

Answer 62

Neisseria