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Robbins's Pathology 9th Ed. > Diseases of the immune System > Flashcards

Diseases of the immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Anaphylaxis, allergies, and bronchial asthma are examples of what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity

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2
Q

This type of hypersensitivity is due to Th2 cells, IgE antibodies, and mast cells.

A

Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity is also called _____

A

Antibody Mediated

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4
Q

Good Pasture Syndrome, and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Antibody Mediated (Type II)

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5
Q

Type III hypersensitivity is also known as _____

A

Immune Complex Mediated Hypersensitivity

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6
Q

SLE, and Serum Sickness are examples of what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Immune Complex Mediated (Type III)

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7
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity is also known as ______

A

Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

Contact Dermatitis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Cell Mediated (Type IV) Hypersensitivity

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9
Q

Dendritic cells within in the epidermis are called _____

A

Langerhans Cells

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10
Q

The genes encoding for human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are located on what chromosome?

A

Chromosome 6

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11
Q

In Myasthenia Gravis antibodies are directed against ________

A

Acetylcholine Receptor

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12
Q

In Goodpasture Syndrome antibodies are directed against _______

A

Basement Membrane of Lung and Kidney

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13
Q

In Pernicious Anemia, antibodies are directed against ____

A

Intrinsic factor of gastric parietal cells

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14
Q

Patients with this type of antibody may develop venous and arterial thrombosis and may be associated with recurrent miscarriages.

A

Antiphospholipid Antibody

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15
Q

What auto antibodies are commonly seen in patients with Sjögren Syndrome?

A

SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La)

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16
Q

This antibody is both specific for SLE and may indicate nephritis.

A

Double-Stranded DNA Autoantibody

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17
Q

Most common and severe form of lupus nephritis.

A

Diffuse lupus nephritis (Class IV)

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18
Q

Keywords: Wire loop structure on light microscopy of the kidney. (Circumferential thickening of capillary wall)

A

Lupus Nephritis (Diffuse lupus nephritis or class IV)

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19
Q

Keywords: Butterfly Rash (erythema along the cheeks, and bridge of the nose)

A

SLE

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20
Q

Nonbacterial verrucas endocarditis seen in patients with SLE.

A

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

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21
Q

Most common cause of death in patients with SLE

A

Renal Failure

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22
Q

Drugs that can cause lupus like symptoms.

A

Hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, D penicillamine

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23
Q

In patients with drug induced lupus, what antibodies are commonly found?

A

Antihistone Antibody

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24
Q

Chronic disease characterized by dry eyes, and dry mouth resulting from immune mediated destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands.

A

Sjögren Syndrome

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25
Q

Most common auto immune disease associated with Sjögren Syndrome.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

26
Q

Patients with Sjögren Syndrome are at increased risked for developing what malignancy?

A

B-Cell Lymphoma

27
Q

What is believed to be the initiating trigger for developing Sjögren Syndrome?

A

Viral Infection of The Salivary Gland which causes cell death and release of self tissue antigens.

28
Q

CREST syndrome consists of _____

A

Calcinosis, Raynaud Phenomenon, Esophagal Dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia.

29
Q

Peak age of incidence in patients with Scleroderma

A

50-60

30
Q

Episodic vasoconstriction of the arteries and arteriolar of the extremities commonly seen in patients with scleroderma.

A

Raynaud Phenomenon

31
Q

The most ominous manifestation of Scleroderma

A

Malignant Hypertension which may cause fatal renal failure

32
Q

Major cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis.

A

Pulmonary Disease

33
Q

The two antinuclear antibodies strongly associated with systemic sclerosis.

A

Anti DNA tropoisomerase I, and Anticentrimere Antibody

34
Q

Graft exchanged from one species to another is called_____

A

Xenografts

35
Q

An autosomal recessive condition characterized by defective fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes.

A

Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome

36
Q

This disorder is characterized by the failure of B-precursors to develop into mature B cells.

A

Bruton Agammaglobulimia (X-Linked Agammaglobuoinemia)

37
Q

Major antibody found in mucosal linings and external secretions

A

IgA

38
Q

An X-linked disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema and vulnerability to recurrent infection resulting to early death.

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

39
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome is caused by a mutation in what gene and on what chromosome?

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protien (WASP) on chromosome Xp11.23

40
Q

Globally what is the most common mode by which HIV is spread?

A

Heterosexual Contact

41
Q

HIV belongs to what family of viruses?

A

Lentivirus

42
Q

What HIV antigen is the most abundant and widely used to diagnose HIV infection?

A

p24

43
Q

What is the hallmark of AIDS?

A

Profound immune deficiency primarily affecting cell mediated immunity

44
Q

What is the most common neoplasm in patients with AIDS?

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

45
Q

What histochemical technique is commonly used to differentiate amyloid from other hyaline materials?

A

Congo Red

46
Q

Type I hypersensitivity is also known as _____

A

Immediate Hypersensitivity

47
Q

This is a constellation of genetically distinct syndromes all having the common defect in both humoral and cell mediated immune response.

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

48
Q

Most common form of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SICD)

A

X-Linked SCID

49
Q

What interleukin is important for the maturation of NK Cells?

A

IL-15

50
Q

The most common form of autosomal dominant SCID is due to a deficiency in what enzyme?

A

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)

51
Q

What is the first disease in which gene therapy was successful?

A

X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

52
Q

This branch of adaptive immunity protects against against extra cellular microbes and toxins.

A

Humoral Immunity

53
Q

This branch of adaptive immunity is responsible for defense against intercellular microbes.

A

Cell Mediated

54
Q

This population of T cells will stimulate B lymphocytes to make antibodies and activate other leukocytes.

A

Helper T Lymphocytes

55
Q

This T-Cell limits the immune response.

A

Regulatory T Lymphocytes

56
Q

The function of this cell is to destroy irreversibly stressed an abnormal cells such as tumor and virus infected cells.

A

Natural Killer Cells

57
Q

In this disorder patients make IgM antibodies but are deficient in their ability to make IgG, IgA, and IgE antibodies.

A

Hyper IgM Syndrome

58
Q

What is the patholophysology of Hyper IgM Syndrome?

A

Decreased ability of helper T-Cells to deliver activating signals to B-Bells and macrophages.

59
Q

The X-linked dominant form of Hyper IgM Syndrome is due to a mutation on the gene encoding _____

A

CD40L

60
Q

What is the most common complement protein deficiency?

A

C2 Deficiency

61
Q

A deficiency in C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) of the complement system gives rise to what condition?

A

Hereditary Angioedema

62
Q

Deficiency in the components making the membrane attack complex leads to increase susceptibility to what bacteria?

A

Neisseria

Robbins's Pathology 9th Ed. (1 decks)

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