Diseases of the Eye Flashcards by Erika Marrs

Entropion

Lid

Inward turning of the upper or lower eyelid so that the lid margin rests against and rubs the eyeball

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Dermatochalasis

Lid

Excess eyelid skin

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Ectropion

Lid

Outward turning of the upper or lower eyelid so that the lid margin does not rest against the eyeball

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Chalazion

Lid

Inflamed lump in a meibomian gland

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Trichiasis

Lid

Misdirected upper or lower eyelashes that turn inward toward the eyeball

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Pinguecula

Conj/Sclera

Yellowish-brown subconjunctival elevation composed of degenerated elastic tissue

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Keratoconus

Cornea
Hereditary degenerative corneal disease affecting vision, characterized by generalized thinning and cone-shaped protrusion of the central cornea

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Blepharitis

Lid

inflammation of the eyelids, usually with redness, swelling, and itchy scaly skin

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PCO

Lens
Posterior capsular opacification
delayed clouding of the rear lens capsule after cataract surgery

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3 types of cataract

Nuclear (Senile)
Cortical
PSC

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Choroidal nevus

Periphery

benign pigmented lesion in the choroid

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CME

Macula
Cystoid Macular Edema
Retinal swelling and cyst formation in the macular area

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ERM

Macula
Epiretinal Membrane
Macular pucker
retinal wrinkling in the macular area resulting in distorted vision

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PVD

Vitreous
Posterior vitreous detachment
Separation of the vitreous gel from the retinal surface

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Retinopathy

Any non-inflammatory degenerative disease of the retina

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Nystagmus

Involuntary Rhythmic side to side or up and down eye movements that are faster in one direction than the other

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Phthisis

diseased or damaged eye that has shrunk and lost its function

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Exotropia

Eye misalignment where one eye deviates outward while the other stays fixated normally

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Esotropia

Eye misalignment where one eye deviates inward while the other stays fixated normally

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Exophoria

Tendency toward outward deviation of one eye when a cover is placed over it. The eye straightens to align with the other eye when the cover is removed

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Esophoria

Tendency toward inward deviation of one eye when a cover is place over it. The eye straightens to align with the other eye when the cover is removed

Epiphora

Overflow of tears down the cheek caused by a defect in the tear drainage system, an excessive amount of tears, or by an ectropion of the lower eyelid

Meibomian Glandular Dysfunction (MGD)

When the glands secrete a thick, waxy sebum and allows tears to evaporate too quickly, causing dry eyes

Arcus

Cornea

a grey or white arc on the upper rim of the cornea cause by lipid deposits

DSEK

cornea Descemets Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty a type of corneal transplant that involves removing only the damaged layer of the cornea and replacing it with a fresh layer from a split donor cornea

Guttata

cornea | collagen deposits that appear after the loss of corneal endothelial cells

Keratoconus

Cornea hereditary degenerative corneal disease affecting vision, characterized by generalized thinning and cone-shaped protrusion of the central cornea

Keratoplasty

corneal transplant procedure

Krukenburg spindles

Cornea | a specific pattern formed by pigmented iris cells that are deposited on the corneal surface

MDF

Cornea map dot fingerprint dystrophy irregular corneal surface caused by high IOPs or prior damage to the cornea

PRK

Cornea Photorefractive Keratectomy a common refractive surgery that uses a laser to remove the entire epithelial layer of the cornea and then reshapes the cornea

Pterygium

cornea abnormal wedge shaped growth on the conjunctiva which may gradually advance onto the cornea, usually related to damage from the sun

SPK

Cornea Superficial punctate keratitis corneal inflammation with scattered punctate corneal epithelial damage or loss

Hyphema

AC | blood in the anterior chamber

Synechiae

AC | adhesions that bind the iris to adjacent structures

Uveitis

AC | inflammation of any of the structures of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid)

Drusen

Macula | yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material

Amblyopia

decreased vision in one or both eyes without detectable anatomic damage to the retina or visual pathways

Lattice

Periphery | peripheral retina become atrophic in a lattice

PI Patent

Iris A procedure with a laser to treat glaucoma by putting small incisions that allow aqueous humor to flow from posterior chamber to anterior chamber to relieve pressure

Scant Tear Film

Cornea | Dry eyes

cells

AC | inflammatory cells present in eye

Injection

Conj/Sclera | retinal injections

Floaters

Vitreous | Dense spots of vitreous that can be seen by pt as dark spots in vision

Scleral Buckle

Periphery | retinal detachment surgery

RPE

Macula Retinal Pigment Epithelium Thicker than normal retinal layer

DBH

Macula or Periphery Dot and Blot Heme microaneurysms in retina

Venous tortuosity

Vessels

PRP

Periphery Pan retinal photocoagulation A procedure where a laser is used to make tiny burns that seal the retina and stop vessels from growing and leaking

Hordeolum

Stye

4 stages of Diabetic Retinopathy

1. 2. 3. 4.