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SP: GI and Nutrition Pearls (10%) > Diseases of the Esophagus > Flashcards

Diseases of the Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Pt with Asthma symptoms and GERD not responsive to antacids. Allergic, eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus

A

Eosinophilic esophagitis

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2
Q

Outpouching of posterior hypopharynx, men over 60, regurgitant symptoms several hours after eating, halitosis

A

Zenker diverticulum

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3
Q

Decreased peristalsis, increased sphincter tone, slowly progressive dysphagia, episodic regurgitation. Barium swallow: parrot-beak - dilated esophagus tapered to distal obstruction

A

Achalasia

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4
Q

Dysphagia to liquids and solids caused by injury at brainstem or cranial nerves

A

Neurogenic dysphagia

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5
Q

Corkscrew appearance on barium swallow

A

Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

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6
Q

Caused by forceful vomiting. Associated with alcohol use, upper endoscopy showing superficial longitudinal mucosal erosions

A

Mallory Weiss tear

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7
Q

Progressive dysphagia to solid foods along with weight loss, reflux and hematemesis

A

Esophageal Neoplasms

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8
Q

Complication of Barrett’s esophagus (screen barrett’s patients every 3-5 years with endoscopy), affects distal (lower) 1/3rd of esophagus

A

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

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9
Q

Associated with smoking and alcohol use, affects proximal (upper) 2/3rds of esophagus, progressive dysphagia, weight loss, hoarseness

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

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10
Q

Esophageal webs + dysphagia + iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

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11
Q

Solid food dysphagia in a patient with a history of GERD

A

Esophageal strictures

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12
Q

Often asymptomatic until hematemesis often a complication of portal hypertension (from cirrhosis)

A

Esophageal varices

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13
Q

What level of eosinophilia is diagnostic of eosinophilic esophagitis on biopsy?

A

> 15 eosinophils/HPF

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14
Q

In addition to peptic stricture what is another complication of chronic GERD?

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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15
Q

What is the Dx? Hematemesis from esophageal laceration after forceful retching.

A

Mallory-Weiss tear

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16
Q

Motility disorder caused by degeneration of Auerbach’s plexus?

A

Achalasia

17
Q

What medication may be used to treat stable esophageal varices?

A

Beta blockers

18
Q

Name 2 viruses seen in infectious esophagitis.

A

HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) and CMV (Cytomegalovirus)

19
Q

In which conditions do you often see infectious esophagitis?

A

Immunocompromised: HIV, Cancer patients, Bone marrow transplant patients

20
Q

Medication used to treat candida esophagitis?

A

fluconazole

21
Q

What conditions are associated with eosinophilic esophagitis?

A

Allergic conditions - Asthma

22
Q

What type of esophagitis is often caused by bisphosphonates?

A

non-infectious

23
Q

A patient complains he regurgitates small amounts of food back into his mouth. He also has noted very foul-smelling breath. What do you suspect?

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

24
Q

What medication is indicated for the prevention of esophageal varices?

A

Beta Blockers - Nadolol or propranolol

25
Q

A patient develops severe retching and vomiting followed by excruciating retrosternal chest and upper abdominal pain. What is the definitive treatment?

A

Emergent Surgery (Boerhaave’s)

26
Q

What is expected to be seen on endoscopy in a patient with a Mallory Weiss tear?

A

Long mucosal tears through venous or arterial plexus

27
Q

A 24 year old male complains of bloody vomitus after a night of heavy drinking. What is the suspected cause of the bleeding?

A

Mallory Weiss tear

28
Q

What is the treatment for the esophageal webs in Plummer Vinson disease?

A

Endoscopy and dilation plus Iron supplementation

29
Q

A 60 year smoker presents with difficulty swallowing solids. What do you suspect?

A

throat cancer

30
Q

A female presents with dysphagia to solid foods and is found to be anemic. What is your expected finding on endoscopy?

A

Esophageal webs from Plummer Vinson (associated with iron deficiency anemia)

31
Q

What is the main cause of strictures?

A

Healing scar due to ulcerative esophagitis

SP: GI and Nutrition Pearls (10%) (7 decks)

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