Diseases of skin and wounds

Question 1

abcess/folliculitis

Answer 1

may drain puss or blood (pimple, sty, furuncle, carbuncle);
staphylococcus aureus more likely cause;
staphylococcus epidermidis more predominant on skin;
Direct contact

Question 2

“hot tub” folliculitis

Answer 2

small pimples; pseudomonas aeruginosa; using poorly chlorinated hot tub

Question 3

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Answer 3

SSSS; skin peels off in sheets; staphylococus aureus; direct contact; mistaken for child abuse

Question 4

impetigo (pyoderma)

Answer 4

small, flattened red patches on face and limbs which develop into puss-filled vesicles that crust (pyoderma); staphylococcus aureus 80% streptococcus pyogenes 20%; direct contact; most common in children

Question 5

erysipelas

Answer 5

fiery red rash with raised borders; mostly streptococcus pyogenes occasionally staphylococcus aureus; direct contact; most common in elderly

Question 6

necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 6

necrosis, spreads along fascia; streptococcus pyogenes; enters through lesions in skin; aka “flesh-eating bacteria” emerging disease

Question 7

acne

Answer 7

infection of hair follicle/sebaceous glands; propionibacterium acnes; direct contact;

Question 8

cat scratch disease/fever

Answer 8

bump or blister at site of injury (lymphadenopathy); bartonella henselae; cat scratches, licks or bites

Question 9

pseudomonas infection

Answer 9

pseudomonas aeruginosa; opportunistic; produces pyocyanin (blue-green pigment)

Question 10

rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

Answer 10

non-itchy spotted rash on trunk and appendages including soles and palms (petechiae); rickettsia ricketsii; ticks vector

Question 11

cutaneous anthrax

Answer 11

black, crusty ulcer (eschar); bacillus anthracis; direct contact; Cat. A bioterrorist threat

Question 12

Gas gangrene

Answer 12

foul-smelling; gas bubbles; clostridium perfringens; rapid treatment is crucial

Question 13

smallpox

Answer 13

aka variola; pox lesions; smallpox virus (orthopoxvirus); eradicated worldwide; Cat. A bioterrorist threat

Question 14

Molluscum contagiosum

Answer 14

pearl-like waxy papules; molluscum contagiosum virus (molluscipoxvirus)

Question 15

monkeypox

Answer 15

pox leasions; monkeypox virus (orthopoxvirus); emerging disease

Question 16

herpes labialis

Answer 16

aka oral herpes; blisters on face/mouth; HHV-1; latent virus usually in trigeminal ganglia

Question 17

Herpetic Whitlow

Answer 17

blisters on finger; HHV-1; latent virus usually in brachial ganglia

Question 18

herpes gladiatorum

Answer 18

blisters anywhere; HHV-1; latent virus in various ganglia; associated with contact sports

Question 19

chickenpox

Answer 19

aka varicella; itchy, fluid-filled blisters all over body; HHV-3; highly infectious

Question 20

shingles

Answer 20

aka herpes zoster; painful blisters that follow dermatome (usually unilateral); HHV-3; latent virus in 15% of people who have had chickenpox; spinal DRG

Question 21

warts

Answer 21

benign growths; HPV; autoinoculation

Question 22

rubella

Answer 22

aka german measles; rash of flat, pink to red spots; rubella virus; pregnant women can cause congenital rubella syndrome

Question 23

measles

Answer 23

aka rubeola; kopliks spots on inside of mouth; rash on head and spreads over body; measles virus (morobilivirus); highly contagious

Question 24

erythema infectiosum

Answer 24

resembles slap; aggravated by sunlight; parvovirus B19; once rash is present, person no longer infectious; 5th disease; “slapped cheek” syndrome

Question 25

roseola

Answer 25

rose-colored rash; HHV-6 (roseolovirus)

Question 26

Coxsackie A virus infection

Answer 26

aka hand, foot and mouth disease; herpetic angina; coxsackie A virus

Question 27

piedra

Answer 27

piedraia hortae- hard, black, irregular nodules on hair shaft, black piedra; trichosporon beiglii- soft grayish-white irregular nodules on hair shaft, white piedra

Question 28

pityriasis versicolor

Answer 28

hypo- or hyperpigmented patches; malassezia furfur;

Question 29

dermatophytoses

Answer 29

aka ringworm; epidermophyton sp., microsporum sp., trichophyton sp.; tinea pedis (athletes foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea corporis (trunk), tinea capitis (head), tinea unguium (onychomycosis)

Question 30

sporotrichosis

Answer 30

aka rose-gardener's disease

Question 31

cutaneous sporotrichosis

Answer 31

nodular lesions around infection site

Question 32

lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Answer 32

secondary lesions occur on skin along the course of lymphatic vessels

Question 33

leishmaniasis

Answer 33

cutaneous- large painless skin lesions; mucocutaneous- skin lesions enlarge to encompass mucous membranes; visceral- parasite is spread by macrophages throughout body; sand fly vector; aka baghdad boil or kala azar

Question 34

scabies

Answer 34

intense itching; often linear; sarcoptes scabiei; may see characteristic burrows or tunnels