Diseases Of MS system Flashcards
What type of collagen is defected with osteogenesis imperfecta?
Type 1. Occurs due to amino acid substitution of glycine to a bulkier amino acid in the collagen triple helix structure.
Which cell type is reduced in osteopetrosis?
Osteoclasts, they are scavenger cells that breakdown the bone matrix. With low numbers of osteoclasts, bone becomes very dense and brittle. (Also knows as marble bone disease)
Which bone condition if characterised by a decrease in bone mass?
Osteoporosis, more common in women and those who live sedentary lifestyles.
What is Paget’s disease?
Paget’s is characterised by the excessive breakdown and formation of bone, followed by disorganised bone remodelling. This is due to osteoclast dysfunction. Has a mosiac histological pattern.
What can cause Paget’s?
Paramyxovirus
Which bones are affected in Potts Disease?
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Common type of tuberculosis osteomyelitis
Which joint is most commonly affected with Gout?
The metatarsophalangeal joint of the Great Toe
What can cause secondary gout?
Renal failure, lymphoma and leukaemia.
Where would you find a bakers cyst?
The popliteal fossa. It is a herniation of synovial membrane through posterior joint capsule.
Which nerve is affected by Mortons neuroma?
The plantar nerve. Thickening of nerve roots between 3rd and 4th inter metatarsal space.
What is a ganglion cyst?
A non-neoplastic soft tissue lump that may occur in any joint, caused by leakage of fluid from the joint into the surrounding tissue. Most commonly seen at the wrist.
Where are you most likely to find an osteosarcoma?
Around the knee (60%)
What age is group is most at risk of osteosarcoma?
0-20years. Most common primary malignancy of the bone and affects children and young adults.
Leiomyomas are tumours of what tissue?
Smooth muscle
What is a sarcoma?
Cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.
