Diseases of femalegenital system 2 Flashcards
What is endometriosis?
Ectopic endometrium which bleeds into tissues causing fibrosis and pain
What are the theories for the pathophysiology of endometriosis?
regurgitation theory
metaplasia theory
stem cell theory
metastasis theory
What is the word for inflammation of the endometrium?
Endometritis
Causes of acute endometritis:
Retained placenta,
Prolonged rupture of membranes,
Complicated labour.
Histology = neutrophils
Causes of chronic endometritis:
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Retained gestational tissue, endometrial TB, IUCD infection. Histology = lymphocytes and plasma cells
What are endometrial polyps?
Sessile/polypoid E2-dependent uterine overgrowths, often asymptomatic but can cause intermenstrual bleeding, post menopausal bleeding, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea
What is Leiomyomata?
Uterine fibroid - Benign smooth muscle tumours of the myometrium with E2/P4-dependent growth
What are the symptoms of Leiomyomata?
Often asymptomatic but can cause menometrorrhagia (leading to Fe def anaemia), subfertility and pressure symptoms
What is Endometrial hyperplasia and what causes it:
oestrogenic stimulation of endometrial proliferation
Obesity, exogenous E2, Polycystic ovary syndrome (POCS), E2-producing tumours, Tamoxifen (breast cancer drug)
What is the malignant progression of endometrial hyperplasia?
Non-atypical hyperplasia
- -> Atypical hyperplasia
- -> Endometrial carcinoma
Describe Type 1 (endometroid) endometrial carcinoma
- 75% of cases
- Pre/perimenopausal
- Preceded by Endometrial hyperplasia
- E2 +ve
- Grades 1 - 3
Describe Type 2 (serous) endometrial carcinoma
- 25% of cases
- Postmenopausal
- Endometrial atrophy
- p53 mutation
- E2 -ve
- Grade 3
2 of which 3 criteria need to be met to diagnose Polycystic ovary syndrome?
- Polycystic ovaries
- Hyrperandrogenism
- menstrual abnormalities
Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism is what kind of gonadal failure?
Primary
Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism is what kind of gonadal failure
Secondary
