diseases & conditions Flashcards
acute moist dermatitis
a skin condition characterized by localized, moist, erythematous (red) areas
allergic reaction
hypersensitive immune reaction to a substance that normally is harmless or would not cause an immune response in most
anal gland impaction
anal gland unable to secrete out the anal sac oily, liquid being produced in them
anemia
condition that develops when your blood produces a lower-than normal amount of healthy red blood cells
anticoagulant
impairs the body’s ability to from clots
rodenticide toxicity
ingested rodenticide; causes excessive bleeding by interfering with vitamin K1 recycling in the body
lipoma
benign tumor of fatty tissue
sebaceous cyst
a swelling in the skin arising in a sebaceous gland, typically filled with yellowish sebum
bromethalin toxicity
a neurotoxin that may cause cerebral edema, most common rodenticide exposure
canine distemper
contagious & serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory, GI & nervous systems
canine parvovirus
highly contagious virus mainly affecting dogs. Spread by direct or indirect contact with their feces, environments, or people
chocolate toxicity
syndrome resulting from ingestion of excessive amounts of methylxathine-containing chocolate products.
cholecalciferol toxicity
rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when you have excessive amounts of vitamin D in the body
collapsing trachea
collapse of the cervical trachea or extrathoracic (in the neck) occurs during inspiration
obstipation
one step further than constipation and is characterized by the inability to pass the accumulation of dry hard feces
constipation
condition in which stool becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass
corneal ulcers
open sore on the cornea
cuterebra
genus of botflies compromising large usually dark-colored botflies with larvae that from tumors under the skin of small animals
diabetes mellitus
disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in blood & urine
ectropion
lower eyelid droops away from eye and turns outward
entropion
inward turning of the eyelid
esophageal obstruction
occurs when the esophagus is blocked by food or foreign objects
feline calicivirus
highly contagious virus that causes a mild to severe respiratory infection and oral disease in cats
feline herpesvirus
virus that mainly causes acute upper respiratory infections
feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
most common and consequential infectious diseases of cats
feline leukemia virus (FelV)
retrovirus; can be transmitted from infected cats through saliva or nasal secretions. If not defeated by the animal’s immune system can lead to diseases which can be lethal
feline panleukopenia
acute, usually fatal epizootic disease especially of cats that is caused by a parvovirus
gastric ulceration
a soar that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach lining
glaucoma
a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight
heart failure
occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in the body
heat stroke
nonpyrogenic increased body temperature above 104 F, with a spectrum of systemic signs
hypertension
high blood pressure
hypotension
low blood pressure
tracheobronchitis
a sudden or long term inflammation of the trachea and bronchial airways; may extend into lungs
intervertebral disk disease (IVDD)
spinal disorder that follows from the herniating of an intervertebral disc inside an afflicted dog
laryngeal paralysis
a disease that causes difficulty breathing, which may be initially mild and then progressively worsen over time
marijuana toxicity
clinical signs typically begin 30-90 minutes after ingestion. THC stored in the body’s fat deposits
myiasis (maggots)
an infestation of living animals with dipteran fly larvae
parasite
an organism that lives in or on another and takes in its nourishment from that other organism or “host”; tapes, hooks, rounds, whips, heartworms
pyometra
secondary infection due to hormonal changes in a female’s reproductive tract
rabies
preventable viral disease most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal; infects the central nervous system
raisin/grape toxicity
can cause acute kidney injury and anuria (lack of urine production)
urinary tract infection
bacterial infection of any or all parts of the urinary tract but most commonly the urinary bladder
Urolithiasis von Willebrands Disease
most common inherited bleeding disorder for canines; caused by a deficiency in the amount of a specific protein needed to help platelets stick together and form clots to seal broken blood vessels. Doberman Pinchers are most commonly affected
xylitol toxicity
profound hypoglycemia is most common clinical effect, which may result in vomiting, weakness, depression, hypokalemia, seizures, and/or coma
acetaminophen toxicity
signs of toxicity may develop within 1-4 hours of ingestion; can cause liver damage or decrease the red blood cell’s ability to carry oxygen. Dogs may become depressed or weak, rapid breathing, high heart rate, panting, abdominal pain, vomiting/drooling
aural hematoma
collection of blood, either fresh or clotted, within the pinna
canine heartworm disease
a parasitic roundworm that is a type of filarial worm, small thread-like worm, that causes dirofilariasis; spread from host to host through mosquito bites
chronic renal failure
inability of the kidneys to efficiently filter the blood of waste products
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva
cranial cruciate ligament injury (CCL)
an important ligament inside the knee joints; 30-50% of dogs will rupture both CCL’s within 1-2 years
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
dystocia
difficulty giving birth
eclampsia
emergency medical condition associated with a life-threatening drop in blood calcium levels that occurs in nursing mothers
elongated soft palate
soft part of the roof of the mouth is too long for the length of the mouth; the excess length partially blocks the entrance to the trachea and back of throat
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine and is caused by a wide range of potential problems
epistaxis
bleeding from the nose
everted laryngeal saccules
condition in which tissue within the airway, just in front of vocal cords, is pulled into the trachea and partially obstructs airflow; found in brachycephalic canines
fading puppy/kitten syndrome
failure to thrive in newborn puppies and kittens, or neonates; can occur from birth to 9 weeks of age
feline heartworm disease
serious disease that results in severe lung disease, heart failure, other organ damage, and death. Caused by a parasitic worm called Dirofilaria immitis
feline urethral obstruction (blocked cat)
life threatening blockage of the lower portion of urinary tract. More prevalent in young to middle age male cats
fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE)
acute death of part of the spinal cord caused by embolus of fibrocartilaginous material. The material blocks arteries and/or veins in the spinal cord and may originate in an intervertebral disk or the marrow found within a vertebral body. The precise way the material gets into the vasculature is unknown
feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD)
describes a variety of conditions that affect the bladder and urethra of cats. Most often show signs of difficulty and pain when urinating, increased frequency of urination, and blood in urine. Typically seen in middle-aged, over weights cats, or eat dry diets
gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV)
life-threatening disorder most commonly seen in large, deep-chested dogs. In early stage, stomach fills with gas, causing a simple gastric dilatation or “bloat”. Sometimes the condition progresses no further than a bloat. A GDV however, is a progression of the bloat into a volvulus, in which the huge, gas-filled stomach twists upon itself so that both the entrance and exit of stomach becomes blocked
gastric ulceration/erosion (GUE)
common causes are mast cell tumor, drug administration and stress.
gastrointestinal obstruction
emergency condition, signs include pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Diagnosis is based on signs, clinical pathology, radiographs, ultrasonography, and potentially exploratory laparotomy. Treatment can include supportive care and endoscopic, laparoscopic, or open surgery
head trauma
no standard of care, a series of guidelines have been developed centered around maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion. Appropriate therapy remains controversial due to lack of objective info on treatment. Treatment must be immediate if the animal is to recover to a level that is both functional and acceptable to the owner. Many animals can recover from severe brain injuries if systemic and neurological abnormalities that can be treated are identified early enough
hemoabdomen
accumulation of blood within the peritoneal cavity, relatively common finding in dogs but rare in cats. Underlying cause can either be traumatic or spontaneous
hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE)
an acute disorder characterized by vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Some canines may have a painful abdomen, decreased appetite, lethargy, or fever
hip displasia
abnormal development and growth of a dog’s hip joint. Occurs commonly in large breed dogs
hyper/hypo calcemia
calcium level in your blood is above/below normal
hyper/hypo kalemia
higher/lower than normal level of potassium in the bloodstream
hyperadrenocorticism
Cushing’s disease; common endocrine syndrome that affects middle-aged and geriatric dogs. Generally caused by tumors of either the pituitary or adrenal glands
hyperthyroidism
overproduction of thyroid hormone and a subsequent increase in metabolic rate. Common in older cats, usually benign or non-malignant
hypertrophy of nicitans gland
cherry eye; prolapse of third eyelid gland
hypoadrenocorticism
addison’s disease; an endocrine system disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough hormones
idiopathic vestibular (old dog vestibular disease)
sudden and non-progressive disturbance of balance
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
dry eye; inflammation of the cornea and surrounding tissues from drying
leptospirosis
infectious bacterial disease caused by spiral-shaped bacteria that live in water, or warm, wet soil
luxating patella
kneecap that moves out of place
NSAID toxicity
can cause ulcers and holes in the lining and lead to kidney damage or even failure
pneumonia
inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma that results in respiratory disturbance, can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and protozoa, as well as aspiration
pyometritis
infectious process characterized by the accumulation of pus within the uterus
pyrethrins toxicity
predominantly results from the interaction of pyrethrins and pyrethroids with voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs) in the central and peripheral nervous systems
salicylates toxicity
infrequent, yet serious and complex nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity; characterized by acid-base disturbances, electrolyte abnormalities, and central nervous system effects
sarcoptic mange
skin disease caused by infection with Sarcoptes scabiei mite
seizure
temporary disturbance of normal brain function that is usually accompanied by uncontrollable muscle activity
thromboemolism
results from a blood clot that is dislodged and travels within the aorta, becoming lodged in a distant location
aortic thromboembolism
common heart condition which results from a blood clot dislodging within the aorta, leading to the interruption of blood flow to tissues served by that segment of the aorta
saddle thrombus
blood clot that breaks off from a larger blood clot in the heart, travels down the aorta and lodged at the saddle
