Diseases ( chapter 2)

Question 1

Anorexia

Answer 1

Decreased appetite because of disease or the gastrointestinal side effect of a drug.

Question 2

an-

Answer 2

without

Question 3

orex/o

Answer 3

appetite

Question 4

-ia

Answer 4

condition; state; thing

Question 5

dysphagia

Answer 5

difficult or painful eating or swallowing.

• —a stroke can make it difficult to coordinate the muscles for eating and swallowing.
• —an oral infection, poorly fitted dentures, or radiation therapy to the mouth for cancer can cause painful eating

_treatment soft foods and thickened liquids. antibiotic drug for a bacterial infection.

Question 6

dys-

Answer 6

abnormal; difficult;painful

Question 7

phag/o-

Answer 7

eating; swallowing

Question 8

-ia

Answer 8

condition; state; thing

Question 9

polyphagia

Answer 9

excessive overeating due to an overactive thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus, or a psychiatric illness

Question 10

Sialolithiasis

Answer 10

A stone (sialolith) that forms in the salivary gland and becomes lodges in the duct, blocking the flow of saliva.

The salivary gland, mouth and face become swollen. When the salivary gland contracts, the duct spasms, causing pain.
Treatment: surgical removal of the stone

Question 11

Sial/o-

Answer 11

saliva salivary gland

Question 12

lith/o-

Answer 12

stone

Question 13

-iasis

Answer 13

process; state

Question 14

stomatitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the oral mucosa

stomatitis can be caused by poorly fitted dentures or infections.

• -aphthous stomatitis – consists of recurring outbreaks of small, painful ulcers on the lips or oral mucosa.
• -Glossitis is an inflammation that involves only the tongue

Question 15

dyspepsia

Answer 15

indigestion with mild, temporary epigastric pain, sometimes with gas or nausea

can be caused by excess stomach acid or reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus, overeating, spicy foods, or stress.

Question 16

esophageal varices

Answer 16

swollen, protruding veins in the mucosa of the lower esophagus or stomach.

when liver disease caused blood to back up in the large vein from the intestines to the liver, the blood is forced to take an alternate route thought the gastroesophageal veins, but veins, but eventually these veins become engorged.
esophageal and gastric varies are easily irratated by passing food. they can hemorrhage suddenly, causing death.

Question 17

gastritis

Answer 17

acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach due to spicy foods, excess acid production, or a bacterial infection.

Question 18

gastroenteritis

Answer 18

Acute inflammation or infection of the stomach and intestines due to a virus or bacterium (contaminated food) there is abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Question 19

gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD)

Answer 19

Chronic inflammation and irritation due to reflux of stomach acid back into the esophagus because the lower esophageal sphincter does not close tightly.

There is a sore throat, belching, and esophagitis with chronic inflammation.
This can lead to esophageal ulcers or cancer of the esophagus.
Treatment: eat small, frequent meals. not large meals. elevate the head of the bed while sleeping. Avoid alcohol and foods that stimulate acid secretion.
Treatment: antacid drugs to neutralize acid, drug that decrease the production of acid. surgery to repair the sphincter.

Question 20

hematemesis

Answer 20

vomiting (emesis) of blood because of bleeding in the stomach or esophagus.

this can be due to an esophageal or gastric ulcer or esophageal varices.

Question 21

nausea and vomiting ( N&V)

Answer 21

Nausea is an unpleasant, queasy feeling in the stomach that precedes the urge to vomit.
—– caused by inflammation or infection of the stomach or by motion sickness.
Vomiting or emesis is the expelling of food from the stomach through the mouth.
—–it is triggered when impulses from the stomach or inner ear stimulate the vmiting center in the brain.

Question 22

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Answer 22

Ironic irritation, burning pain, and erosion of the mucosa to from an ulcer.

— ulcers can be caused by excessive hydrochloric acid, stress, and dugs ( such as aspirin) that irritate the mucosa.

Question 23

appendicitis

Answer 23

inflammation and infection of the appendix

— undigested material becomes trapped in the lumen of the appendix. there is steadily increasing abdominal l pain that finally localizes to the RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT

Question 24

Colic

Answer 24

common disorder in babies. There is crampy abdominal pain soon after eating.
___ it can be caused by overfeeding, feeding too quickly, inadequate burping, or a food allergy to milk

Question 25

colon cancer

Answer 25

cancerous tumor of the colon.

it occurs when colonic polyps or ulcerative colitis become cancerous. It is also linked to a hight-fat diet.

Question 26

hematochezia

Answer 26

blood in the feces. The source of bleeding can be an ulcer, cancer Crohn’s disease, polyp, diverticulum or hemorrhoid.

Question 27

-rrhea

Answer 27

discharge; flow

Question 28

hemat/o-

Answer 28

blood

Question 29

chez/o-

Answer 29

pass feces

Question 30

flatul/o-

Answer 30

flatul; gas

Question 31

steatorrhea

Answer 31

Greasy, frothy, foul-smelling feces that contain undigested fats. There is not enough of the enzyme lipase because of pancreatic disease, cancer, or cystic fibrosis

Question 32

cholangitits

Answer 32

Acute or chronic inflammation of the bile ducts because of cirrhosis or gallstones

Question 33

cholecystitis

Answer 33

Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder.

Acute: occurs when a gallstone blocks the cystic duct of the gall bladder. When the gallbladder contracts, the duct spasms, causing sever pain.

Chronic: occurs when a gallstone partially blocks the cystic duct, causing backup of bile and thickening of the gallbladder wall.

Question 34

cholelithiasis

Answer 34

one or more gallstones in the gallbladder. when the bile is too concentrated, it forms a thick sediment that gradually becomes small gallstones and then larger gallstones.