Diseases ( chapter 2) Flashcards
Anorexia
Decreased appetite because of disease or the gastrointestinal side effect of a drug.
an-
without
orex/o
appetite
-ia
condition; state; thing
dysphagia
difficult or painful eating or swallowing.
- —a stroke can make it difficult to coordinate the muscles for eating and swallowing.
- —an oral infection, poorly fitted dentures, or radiation therapy to the mouth for cancer can cause painful eating
_treatment soft foods and thickened liquids. antibiotic drug for a bacterial infection.
dys-
abnormal; difficult;painful
phag/o-
eating; swallowing
-ia
condition; state; thing
polyphagia
excessive overeating due to an overactive thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus, or a psychiatric illness
Sialolithiasis
A stone (sialolith) that forms in the salivary gland and becomes lodges in the duct, blocking the flow of saliva.
The salivary gland, mouth and face become swollen. When the salivary gland contracts, the duct spasms, causing pain.
Treatment: surgical removal of the stone
Sial/o-
saliva salivary gland
lith/o-
stone
-iasis
process; state
stomatitis
inflammation of the oral mucosa
stomatitis can be caused by poorly fitted dentures or infections.
- -aphthous stomatitis – consists of recurring outbreaks of small, painful ulcers on the lips or oral mucosa.
- -Glossitis is an inflammation that involves only the tongue
dyspepsia
indigestion with mild, temporary epigastric pain, sometimes with gas or nausea
can be caused by excess stomach acid or reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus, overeating, spicy foods, or stress.
esophageal varices
swollen, protruding veins in the mucosa of the lower esophagus or stomach.
when liver disease caused blood to back up in the large vein from the intestines to the liver, the blood is forced to take an alternate route thought the gastroesophageal veins, but veins, but eventually these veins become engorged.
esophageal and gastric varies are easily irratated by passing food. they can hemorrhage suddenly, causing death.
gastritis
acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach due to spicy foods, excess acid production, or a bacterial infection.
gastroenteritis
Acute inflammation or infection of the stomach and intestines due to a virus or bacterium (contaminated food) there is abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD)
Chronic inflammation and irritation due to reflux of stomach acid back into the esophagus because the lower esophageal sphincter does not close tightly.
There is a sore throat, belching, and esophagitis with chronic inflammation.
This can lead to esophageal ulcers or cancer of the esophagus.
Treatment: eat small, frequent meals. not large meals. elevate the head of the bed while sleeping. Avoid alcohol and foods that stimulate acid secretion.
Treatment: antacid drugs to neutralize acid, drug that decrease the production of acid. surgery to repair the sphincter.
hematemesis
vomiting (emesis) of blood because of bleeding in the stomach or esophagus.
this can be due to an esophageal or gastric ulcer or esophageal varices.
nausea and vomiting ( N&V)
Nausea is an unpleasant, queasy feeling in the stomach that precedes the urge to vomit.
—– caused by inflammation or infection of the stomach or by motion sickness.
Vomiting or emesis is the expelling of food from the stomach through the mouth.
—–it is triggered when impulses from the stomach or inner ear stimulate the vmiting center in the brain.
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Ironic irritation, burning pain, and erosion of the mucosa to from an ulcer.
— ulcers can be caused by excessive hydrochloric acid, stress, and dugs ( such as aspirin) that irritate the mucosa.
appendicitis
inflammation and infection of the appendix
— undigested material becomes trapped in the lumen of the appendix. there is steadily increasing abdominal l pain that finally localizes to the RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT
Colic
common disorder in babies. There is crampy abdominal pain soon after eating.
___ it can be caused by overfeeding, feeding too quickly, inadequate burping, or a food allergy to milk
colon cancer
cancerous tumor of the colon.
it occurs when colonic polyps or ulcerative colitis become cancerous. It is also linked to a hight-fat diet.
hematochezia
blood in the feces. The source of bleeding can be an ulcer, cancer Crohn’s disease, polyp, diverticulum or hemorrhoid.
-rrhea
discharge; flow
hemat/o-
blood
chez/o-
pass feces
flatul/o-
flatul; gas
steatorrhea
Greasy, frothy, foul-smelling feces that contain undigested fats. There is not enough of the enzyme lipase because of pancreatic disease, cancer, or cystic fibrosis
cholangitits
Acute or chronic inflammation of the bile ducts because of cirrhosis or gallstones
cholecystitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder.
Acute: occurs when a gallstone blocks the cystic duct of the gall bladder. When the gallbladder contracts, the duct spasms, causing sever pain.
Chronic: occurs when a gallstone partially blocks the cystic duct, causing backup of bile and thickening of the gallbladder wall.
cholelithiasis
one or more gallstones in the gallbladder. when the bile is too concentrated, it forms a thick sediment that gradually becomes small gallstones and then larger gallstones.
