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Medical Anatomy And Physiology > Diseases and Disorders > Flashcards

Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A cancerous lump or swelling in the testicle, a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum

A

Testicular Cancer

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2
Q

Abnormal amount of body fat

A

Obesity

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3
Q

Abnormal curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

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4
Q

Abnormal loss of transparency of lens

A

Cataracts

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5
Q

Abnormally high intraocular pressure due to a build-up of aqueous humor inside the ant chamber

A

Glaucoma

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6
Q

Acute infectious disease due to toxin growing anaerobically at the site of injury.

A

Tetanus

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7
Q

Acute infectious disease due to toxin growing anaerobically at the site of injury

A

Rubella

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8
Q

Acute, contagious respirator infection characterized by sudden onset, fever,chills,headache

A

Influenza

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9
Q

Acute, contagious, febrile disease characterized by inflammation of the paratid and salivary glands

A

Mumps

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10
Q

Body is deficient of iron which impairs the body’s ability to make normal hemoglobin

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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11
Q

Breaking a bone

A

Fractures

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12
Q

Calculus or crystalline masses present in the pelvis of the kidney

A

Kidney Stones

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13
Q

Cancer of the ovaries

A

Ovarian Cancer

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14
Q

Cancer of the prostate, second most common cancer among men in the U.S

A

Prostate Cancer

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15
Q

Cancer of the uterine cervix

A

Cervical/uterine cancer

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16
Q

Cancer of the bronchial tree

A

Lung Caner

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17
Q

Chronic disease of middle aged persons with elongation and enlargement of ones and exremeties

A

Acromegaly

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18
Q

Chronic disease of weight bearing joints; destruction of articular cartilage, bone spurs, impairment

A

Osteoarthritis

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19
Q

Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism with hyperglycemia and glucose; deficient insulin

A

Diabetes mellitus

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20
Q

Chronic disease of the liver characterized by formation of desne connective tissue in hepatic cells

A

Colorectal Cancer

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21
Q

Chronic nervous disease caused by fine slowly spreading tremor muscular weakness and rigidity.

A

Decubitus Ulcers

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22
Q

Chronic pain in muscles and soft tissues surrounding joints

A

Fibromyalgia

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23
Q

Chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase in the size of the alveolar clusters

A

Emphysema

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24
Q

Chronic, organic mental disorder a form of pre-senile dementia due o atrophy

A

Alzheimer disease

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25
Q

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of and apparently well or virtually well infant

A

SIDS

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26
Q

Concretion formation in the gallbladder or bile duct

A

Gallstones

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27
Q

Condition caused by a partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries

A

myocardial infarction

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28
Q

Condition in which the patient has a higher blood pressure than that judged to be normal

A

Hypertension

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29
Q

Condition of being abnormally small

A

Dwrfism

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30
Q

Congenital condition due to lack of thyroid secretion; arrested physical and mental development

A

Cretinism

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31
Q

Congenital defect in the walls of the spinal canal caused by the lack of union between the laminae.

A

Spina Bifida

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32
Q

Deafness resulting from damage to the nerves or to the organ of corti.

A

Sensorineural Deafness

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33
Q

Decrease in the amount of circulating RBC’s lost because of hemorrhage or bleeding

A

Hemorrhagic Anemia

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34
Q

Defect in the cusp of a heart valve results in te leakage of blood tough closed valve

A

Murmur

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35
Q

Dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 or the loss of the inrinsic factor from the lining of the stomach

A

Pernicious Anemia

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36
Q

Distorted vision or blindness due to growth fo new blood vessels over the macula lutea

A

Macular Degeneration

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37
Q

Excessive production of thyroid hormones to increase metabolism

A

Hyperthyroidism

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38
Q

Failure of the kidneys to perform their essential functions

A

Renal Failure

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39
Q

Farsightedness

A

Hyperopia

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40
Q

Fatty porridge like build up of plaque within the lumen of a blood vessel that reduction vessel diameter

A

Arteriosclerosis

41
Q

Form of arteriosclerosis which is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques in the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

42
Q

Form of nephritis which the lesions primarily involve the glomeruli

A

Glomerulonephritis

43
Q

General term describing any disease process that results in reduction of bone mass

A

Osteoporosis

44
Q

Hereditary blood disease with greatly increased coagulation time due to lack of clotting factors

A

Hemophilia

45
Q

Highly communicable disease characterized by spots on buccal mucosa/maculopapular erputions.

A

Measles

46
Q

Highly contagious form of hepatitis and is transmitted by the fecal-oral route

A

Hepatitis A

47
Q

Highly contagious for of hepatitis, transmitted by the direct exchange of contaminated blood

A

Hepatitis B

48
Q

Hypersecretion of the GH during childhood resulting in a person who grows to a very large size

A

Gigantism

49
Q

Imbalance in the extrinistic muscles of the eye that produces a squint.

A

Strabismus

50
Q

Inability of the male of achieve or maintain an erection

A

Imotence

51
Q

Inability of the red bone marrow to produce RBC’s which have been destroyed

A

Aplastic Anemia

52
Q

Inability to retain urine, feces, or semen through the loss of sphincter control

A

Incontinence

53
Q

Increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood

A

Polycythemia

54
Q

Infection of the genital and anorectal skin and muccosa

A

Genital Herpes

55
Q

Infection of the small, air filled cavity in the temporal bone

A

Middle ear infection

56
Q

Infection of the urinary tract by microorganisms

A

Urinary Tract Infections

57
Q

Infectious disease characterized by inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercles necosis, etc

A

Tuberculosis

58
Q

Infectious, chronic venereal disease characterized by marked lesions on any organ tissue

A

Syphilis

59
Q

Inflammation of the bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending urinary tract infections

A

Cytitis

60
Q

Inflammation of the lungs resulting in fluid build up withing the alveoli and lowered gas exchange

A

Pneumonia

61
Q

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

A

Bacterial Meningitis

62
Q

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix

A

Appendicitis

63
Q

Inflammatory disease of the central nervous system; myelin sheath is degenerated around nerves

A

Multiple Slerosis

64
Q

Inflammatory disease of the sevaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin (pustules)

A

Acne

65
Q

Leading cause of cancer death among women in the U.S

A

Breast Cancer

66
Q

Localized abnormal dialation of a blood vessel- usually an artery- due to a congenital defect/weakness

A

Aneurysm

67
Q

Loss of elasticity of the lens due to advancing age with resulting inability to focus clearly on objects

A

Presbyopia

68
Q

Loss of hearing related to the impairment of the conduction of sound waves through the ear

A

Conductive Deafness

69
Q

Malignant neoplasm of the colon or rectum

A

Colorectal Cancer

70
Q

Most common of sexually transmitted disease

A

Chlamydia

71
Q

Nearsightedness

A

Myopia

72
Q

Non Progressive for of paralysis resulting from developmental defects in the brain or birth trauma

A

Cerebral Palsy

73
Q

Open sore or lesion of the skin or muccous membrane accompanied by sloughing of tissue

A

Ulcers

74
Q

Pain in the anterior compartment of the tibia

A

Shin Splints

75
Q

Plyuria and plydipsia caused by inadequate secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland

A

Diabetes Insipidus

76
Q

Precense of abnormally high number of mono nuclear leukocytes in the blood

A

Mononucleosis

77
Q

Presence of endometrial lining outside the uterus

A

Endometriosis

78
Q

Pressure sore or bed sore, it is an ulcer, initially of the skin, due to prolonged pressure

A

Decupidus Ulcers

79
Q

Recurrent paroxysmal disorder or cerebral function with sudden brief attacks of altered consious

A

Epilepsy

80
Q

Results from the abnormal destruction of erythrocytes

A

Hemolytic Anemia

81
Q

Results from the abnormal destruction of erythrocytes

A

Leukemia

82
Q

Ringing, roaring or clicking in the ears

A

Tinnitus

83
Q

Rupture or herniation of the nucleus populous of the intebetebral disc.

A

Herniated Disc

84
Q

Sensation of spinning movement in which the world is revolving or the person is revolving in spave

A

Vertigo

85
Q

Sexually transmitted disease that causes persistent redness, burning and itching of the vulva

A

Trichomoniasis

86
Q

Slow growing, destructive tumor. Occurs mostly in people over 40, fair-skinned and blonde

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

87
Q

Specific, contagious, inflammation of the genital mucous membrane caused by bacterium

A

Gonorrhea

88
Q

Stroke

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

89
Q

Swelling condition resulting from hypo function for the thyroid gland

A

Hypothyroidism/Myxedema

90
Q

Syndrome marked by muscular weakness/atrophy/spsticity/hyperflexia; Lou Gehrigs disease

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

91
Q

Syndrome of opportunistic infections that occur as the final stage of infection by HIV

A

AIDS

92
Q

This disease occurs in the fetus if the fetus is Rh+ while the mother is Rh-

A

Hemolytic Disease

93
Q

This is a tumor that grows from the melanocytes

A

Malignant Melanoma

94
Q

This is a invasive tumor with potential for spreading. It arises from the epidermal layer

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

95
Q

Trauma to a muscle or the musculo-tendinous units from violent contraction or excessive strech

A

Muscle Strain

96
Q

Virus that includes more than 100 types, over 30 of which are sexually transmitted

A

Human Papilloma Virus

97
Q

Wart of the genitalia caused by the Human Papilloma Virus

A

Genital Warts

98
Q

Wasting away and atrophy of muscles

A

Muscular Dystrophy

Medical Anatomy And Physiology (1 decks)

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