Diseases

Question 1

what is a stroke

Answer 1

hypoxia of cells leads to death of brain tissue

Question 2

what causes a stroke

Answer 2

emboli - atrial fibrillation, heart valve surgery, MI
atherosclerosis - plaque in cerebral vessels
aneurysm - weakness of a vessel, burst causes haemorrage

Question 3

what are the risk factors for a stroke

Answer 3

smoking, alcohol, hypertension, MI, diabetes mellitus

Question 4

how can stroke be prevented

Answer 4

antiplatelet - clopidogrel, aspirin
anti coagulant - wafarin
reduce risk factors - hypertension, stop smoking

Question 5

what is the effect of a stroke

Answer 5

cognitive problems - understanding things

motor problems - mobility, speech, swallowing

Question 6

how does stroke impact dental care

Answer 6

may have mobility issues getting there, manual dexerity for toothbrushing, speech and communication, understanding treatment, more at risk of medical emergency

Question 7

what is parkinsons

Answer 7

degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in basal ganglia

Question 8

what are some clinical signs of parkinsons

Answer 8

rigidity, slow movement and slow initiated movement, tremor - resting

Question 9

what are some observations the patient might notice with parkinsons

Answer 9

mask like face, impaired gait (more likely to fall etc), impaired use of arms when walking, slurred speech and problems with swallowing

Question 10

how is parkinsons treatment

Answer 10

dopamine - but need to keep increasing dose, side effects worsen

Question 11

what are dental aspects of parkinsons

Answer 11

difficult to accept treatment - loss of control of oral muscles, tremor in body stops with initiated movement, dry mouth due to anticholinergics

Question 12

describe mental health act 2003

Answer 12

considered with treatment for patients with psychiatory, includes providing compulsory treatment for mental health if patient cannot consent. can only provide mental health treatment - not physical treatment.

Question 13

what has to be considered when applying mental health act

Answer 13

patient must have a mental health disorder. treatment must be available for disorder that will help symptoms or treat it, the treatment must prevent them being a danger to themselves or others, complusory power is required, because of disorder, thinking is impaired

Question 14

what is the difference between neurosis and psychosis

Answer 14

neurosis - still in tact with reality

psychosis - removed from reality

Question 15

what are dental implications of anxiety

Answer 15

TMJ dysfunction, parafunction, oral dysethesias - burning mouth, dry mouth, denture intolerance

Question 16

what medications cause dry mouth

Answer 16

anticholinergics - atropine
tricylics - amitryptiline
SSRI’s - sertraline

Question 17

give some examples of mood disorders

Answer 17

depression, bipolar

Question 18

give an example of a thought disorder

Answer 18

schizoprenia

Question 19

describe schizoprenia

Answer 19

thought disorder, hallucinations and delusions associated, feels very real - their reality is distorted, abnormality of dopamine transmission - genetic, alcohol, drugs

Question 20

how can schizoprenia bring about parkinson like symptoms

Answer 20

treatment for schizoprenia can be given dopamine antagonists - reduced dopamine brings about tremor, slower thought process, slower movements, slow speech