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Diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Roseola

A

exanthem subitem, 6th disease, 3-day fever
HHV6
spares face

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2
Q

ecthyma gangrenosum

A

pseudomonas

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3
Q

erysiplas

A

strep pyogenes

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4
Q

syphilis

A 
t. pallium
Th1 cells
1* painless chancre
2* hand and foot macules
3* gummas
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5
Q

tinea

A

branching septate

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6
Q

pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor)

A

spaghetti and meatballs

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7
Q

candida

A

pseudohyphae

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8
Q

SLE HSR

A

Type 1 and type 3

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9
Q

SLE antibodies

A

ANA
anti-ds DNA
anti-PL
anti-Smith

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10
Q

acute cutaneous lupus

A
  • Malar rash on face
  • Well demarcated erythematous rash on hands with knuckles spared
  • Can blister, worse in sunlight, no scarring
  • Histo: interface dermatitis, necrosis and vacuolization, mucin
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11
Q

subacute lupus

A
  • Erythematous macules and papules, that become hyperkeratotic plaques
  • Photosensitive, no scarring, can leave telangiectasia or hypopigmentation
  • Ro antibodies
  • Drug induced 30% - HCTZ, CCBs
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12
Q

discoid lupus

A

not systemic
only cutaneous
• Sharply demarcated round indurated plaques on neck and face
• Hyperkeratosis, dermal atrophy, hypopigmentation, follicular plugging, scars

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13
Q

drug induced lupus

A
  • Classic – procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin; have anti histone Abs
  • Exacerbated – HCTZ, CCBs, ACEi; have Ro Abs (Ro also associated w/ neonatal)
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14
Q

CREST syn

A 
C – calcinosis
R – Raynauds
E – Esophageal dysmotility 
S – Sclerodactyly 
T – Telangiectasia
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15
Q

limited scleroderma antibodies

A

anti-centromere antibodies

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16
Q

diffuse scleroderma antibodies

A

anti-DNA topo (anti-Scl 70)

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17
Q

allergic contact dermatitis HSR

A

cell mediated type 4

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18
Q

lichen planus HSR

A

Type 4 Tcell mediated delayed HSR, CD8+, Th1 and Th2

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19
Q

lichen planus associations

A

hepatitis C

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20
Q

eczema gene

A

FLG filaggrin protein

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21
Q

pityriasis rosea

A

HHV6/7
exact same rash as secondary syphilis
test w/ RPR

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22
Q

4 changes that happen in OA

A
  • More water content
  • More collagenase
  • Thin type 2 collagen fibers
  • Decrease in proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
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23
Q

RA antibodies

A

anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA or anti-CCP)
RF IgM against Fc portion of IgG

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24
Q

RA HSR

A

type 4 delayed

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25
Q

Seronegative Spondylarthritis gene

A

HLA-B27

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26
Q

epidermolysis bullosa types and genes

A
  • Simplex type – gene mutations in keratins 5 and 14, suprabasilar
  • Junctional type – type XVII collagen or LAMB3 (laminin-332) in lamina lucida
  • Dystrophic type – COL7A1 mutation in anchoring fibrils below lamina densa
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27
Q

dysplastic nevus gene

A

CDK2NA for CDK4

BRAF

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28
Q

dysplastic nevus treatment

A

vermurafenib

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29
Q

pemphigous vulgaris antibodies and HSR

A

dsg1 and dsg2

type 2 HSR

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30
Q

pemphigous vulgaris blister type and split

A

flaccid blister

intraepidermal split

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31
Q

pemphigous vulgaris clinical

A

intraepdermal split with flaccid blisters
mouth sores
very painful
Net like IF

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32
Q

bullous pemphigoid antibodies and HSR

A

BPA1 and BPA2

type 2 HSR

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33
Q

bullous pemphigoid blister type and split

A

tense blister

subepidermal split

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34
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis blister type and split

A

tense blister

subepidermal split

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35
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis antibodies

A

IgA
anti-glidin
gluten

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36
Q

scalded skin syndrome
antibody
culture

A

dsg1

negative culture bc systemic toxins

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37
Q

erythema multiforme associations

A

HSV1

mycoplasma pneumo

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38
Q

drugs that cause SJS

A 
SATAN
sulfa
allopurinol
tetracycline
anticonvulsants
NSAIDs
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39
Q

squamous cell carcinoma gene

A

TP53

via pyrimidine dimers and double strand breaks

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40
Q

basal cell carcinoma gene

A

PTCH1 (SHH receptor)

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41
Q

acquired melanocytic nevi types

A
  • Junctional – macular, flat, nests in epidermis
  • Compound – elevated, lighter, nests in epidermis and dermis
  • Dermal – most elevated, lighter, nests in dermis
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42
Q

what do you treat ocular rosacea with?

A

doxycycline

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43
Q

exanthematous (morbilliform) drug rxn

A

limited to skin
lesions appear on trunk and centrifugally to extremities
T cell mediated
interface dermatitis

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44
Q

fixed drug eruption

A

reoccurence of sub-epidermal blister at same site each time

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45
Q

erythema multiforme symptoms

A

target lesion on hands

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46
Q

dermatomyositis buzz words (4)

A

heliotrope rash
gottron’s papules
shawl sign
mechanic hands

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47
Q

dermatomyositis inflammation type and pathology

A

perimysial and perifasiciular inflammation with B cells and CD4 T cells

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48
Q

polymyositis inflammation type and pathology

A

endomysial inflammation with CD8 T cells

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49
Q

inclusion body myositis differentiating factor

A

rimmed vacuoles

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50
Q

necrotizing myositis association

A

statins

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51
Q

Sjogren’s antibodiees

A

SSA (Ro) SSB (La)

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52
Q

osteosarcoma radiology findings and bone type

A

codman triangle
sunburst appearance
Mineralized bone

53
Q

ewing sarcoma translocation and symptoms

A

t(11;22)

Fever, redness, pain, swelling periosteal reaction

54
Q

myxoid round cell variant liposarcoma translocation

A

t(12;16)

55
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta buzzwords

A

blue sclera

type 1 collagen

56
Q

sarcoidosis skin and labs buzzwords

A

apple jelly lesion
Hypercalcemia
High ACE

57
Q

erythema nodosum buzzwords

A

tender without ulcers
septal panniculitis
TB

58
Q

livedo reticularis antibodies and clinical

A

anti-phospholipid Ab

net like pattern that is better in warm, worse in cold

59
Q

5 Ps of compartment syndrome

A

pain, paresthesia, paresis, pallor and pulselessness

60
Q

sclerostin

A

regulates bone inhibition

from osteocytes

61
Q

cathepsin K

A

protease that degrades collagen from osteoclasts

62
Q

increased bone resorption is caused by what levels of what 3 things?

A

high PTH
low estrogen
low vit D

63
Q

colles fracture

A

distal radius fracture not involving wrist joint

silver fork deformity

64
Q

deQuervain’s disease

A

inflammation of retinaculum leading to tendon bunching of ext. pollicis bervis and abd pollicis longus
pain on fist and ulnar deviation

65
Q

Dupuytren’s disease (palmar fibromatosis)

A

palmar aponeurosis thickening and shortening due to myofibroblasts
contractures

66
Q

3 types of incomplete pediatric fractures

A

bowing
torus/buckle
greenstick

67
Q

3 types of apophysitis

A
  • Osgood Schlatter – tibial tubercle of knee
  • Sever’s Disease – calcaneus at Achilles tendon
  • Sinding-Larsen-Johnson – patellar apophysis
68
Q

movement that causes ACL tear

A

pivoting during acceleration or deceleration

69
Q

movement that causes meniscus tear

A

twisting injury with knee flexed and foot planted

70
Q

femoral neck of femur fracture appearance

A

leg is externally rotated and shortened

71
Q

posterior hip dislocation appearance

A

FADIR (flexed, adducted, internally rotated)

72
Q

anterior hip dislocation appearance

A

FABER (flexed, abducted, externally rotated)

73
Q

movement that causes ankle sprain

A

inversion injury with ankle planted

74
Q

HSR of vasculitis

A

type 3

autoantibody ANCA

75
Q

giant cell arteritis

A

carotid and temporal aa.
granulomas
Polymyalgia Rheumatica

76
Q

takayasu arteritis

A

aortic arch and branches, absent pulses

77
Q

polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

A

transmural necrotizing inflammation

string of pearls

78
Q

kawasaki (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)

A

asian children with erythema of palms and soles

79
Q

buerger’s vasculitis (thrombangiitis obliterans)

A

young male smokers
tobacco antigen
non-atherosclerotic

80
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis / Wegener’s / GPA

A

sinus, pulmonary, renal

PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA) +

81
Q

eosinophilic / Churg-Strauss / EGPA

A

asthma, allergic rhinitis, lung, eosinophilia, cardiomyopathy

82
Q

microscopic / MPA

A

MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA) +

83
Q

goodpasture’s antiobodies

A

anti-GBM

84
Q

IgA vasculitis

A

children with tetrad of palpable purpura, colicky abdominal pain, renal disease and arthritis

85
Q

muscle contraction nerve fiber type

A

a-alpha

86
Q

sensation nerve fiber type

A

a-beta

87
Q

pain nerve fiber type

A

a-delta, c-fibers

88
Q

nerves from upper roots C5 and C6

A 
Shoulder stability and motion
•	Dorsal scapular
•	Long thoracic
•	Suprascapular 
Elbow flexion 
•	Musculocutaneous
89
Q

nerves from lower roots C7 C8 T1

A

Elbow, finger and wrist
• Ulnar
• Median
• Radial

90
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

injury to C8 or T1

sympathetic fibers supplying the face, eyelid and ciliary muscles that causes unilateral, partial ptosis and miosis

91
Q

injuries to upper brachial plexus symptoms

A

bad shoulder, poor elbow flexion and good hand

92
Q

injuries to lower brachial plexus symptoms

A

bad hand, some or no shoulder, Horner’s syndrome

93
Q

erb’s palsy

A

upper plexus injury, arm at side, internally rotated, wrist flexed

94
Q

causes for gout

A 
•	Under excretion – kidney 
	Diuretics, CKD, volume depletion 
•	Over production – enzyme defect, tumor
	HGPRT deficiency, psoriasis, alcohol 
•	Other factors
	Male, older age, pacific islander, HGPRT, URAT1, GLUT9, beer, obesity, drugs, meat, seafood, lead
95
Q

gout microscopy

A

yellow negatively birefringent needle shaped crystals

96
Q

pseudogout microscopy

A

positively birefringent rod or rhomboid shaped

97
Q

infectious agents for acute monoarticular septic arthritis

A

staph, strep pyogenes, strep pneumo, Neisseria, candida

98
Q

infectious agents for chronic monoarticular septic arthritis

A

myco tuberculosis, borrelia, t pallidum, nocardia, brucella, candida, aspergillus, sporothrix, coccido, blasto, crypto

99
Q

infectious agents for polyarticular septic arthritis

A

neisseria, myo tuberculosis, strep (rheumatic fever), candida, chikungunya, HBV, parvo B19, HIV, rubella

100
Q

diagnose Lyme

A
  • ELISA IgM and IgG 2-4 weeks

* Western blot for IgM to confirm

101
Q

TB spine disease

A

POTTS
kyphosis
caseating granulomas

102
Q

syhphilitc bone infection

A

Saber shin

103
Q

red flags for back pain

A

incontinence
fever, chills, drug abuse
unexplained weight loss
neurological changes

104
Q

L5 defect will cause

A

cant walk on heels
Toe extensor
Loss of sensation on dorsum of foot

105
Q

S1 defect will cause

A

cant walk on toes

Achilles reflex

106
Q

cauda equina syndrome

A

bilateral leg pain
saddle anesthesia
incontinence

107
Q

spinal stenosis gets better in what position

A

flexion

i.e bent over stroller

108
Q

cervica spondylotic myelopathy

A

clumsy hands
stiff legs
unsteady gait

109
Q

3 types of odontoid fractures

A

1 - tip; alar ligament
2 - process; requires traction and halo
3 - base; fuses well with halo

110
Q

hangman’s fracture

A

bilateral pedicle fracture with subluxation of C2 on C3

111
Q

3 features of neurogenic sock

A

hypotension
bradycardia
hypothermia

112
Q

Osgood Schlatter

A

Apophysitis of tibial tubercle of knee

113
Q

Sever’s Disease

A

Apophysitis of calcaneus at Achilles tendon

114
Q

Sinding-Larsen-Johnson

A

patellar apophysis

115
Q

Plasma cell myeloma buzzwords

A

Anemia
Hypercalceima
Pathologic bone fracture

116
Q

where does osteoma occur

A

facial bones and skull

117
Q

osteoid osteoma responds to what

A

aspirin

118
Q

osteoblastoma

A

in vertebrae

does not respond to aspirin

119
Q

osteosarcoma buzz words

A

sunburst
codman’s angle
lifted periosteum
pathologic fracture

120
Q

giant cell tumor occurs where in bone layer

A

epiphysis

soap bubble lesions and giant cells

121
Q

labs in osteomalacia

A

low Ca and PO4

high AP and PTH

122
Q

labs in osteoporosis

A

NORMAL

123
Q

labs in Pagets

A

high AP

124
Q

pancreatitic panniculitis case

A

alcoholic with sudden severe abdominal pain and tender nodules on legs
lobular panniculititis

125
Q

cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis

A

palpable purpura with fever, pain
immune complex mediated, PMNs and fibrin
allopurinol, viral

126
Q

Humerus fracture signs

A

Wrist drop from radial n.
Avascular necrosis from surgical neck
Thumb extension fail from radial n. In spiral groove

127
Q

Keratin positive with spindle cell tumor

A

Synovial sarcoma

T(x;18)

128
Q

Lichen planus pathology

A

Hypergranulosis
CD8 T cells
Interface dermatitis
Band like

Derm MSK (2 decks)

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