diseases

Question 1

communicable diseases

Answer 1

Diseases for which biological agents or their products are the cause and that are transmissible from one individual to another

Question 2

noncommunicable diseases

Answer 2

Illnesses that cannot be transmitted from one person to another

Question 3

acute

Answer 3

diseases in which peak severity of symptoms occurs and subsides within three months

Question 4

chronic

Answer 4

diseases or conditions in which symptoms last longer than three months

Question 5

infectability

Answer 5

ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in a host

Question 6

define agent, host, and environment

Answer 6

agent: cause of disease
host: A susceptible person or organism invaded by an infectious agent
Environment: Factors that inhibit or promote disease transmission

Question 7

Pathogenicity

Answer 7

Capability of a communicable agent to cause disease in a susceptible host

Question 8

step-by-step model of infection

Answer 8

pathogen
reservoir (host #1)
portal of exit
transmission (direct or indirect)
portal of entry (host #2)
establishment of infection

Question 9

zoonoses

Answer 9

diseases for which reservoir resides in animal population

Question 10

Anthroponoses

Answer 10

Diseases for which humans are the only known reservoir

Question 11

direct transmission

Answer 11

immediate transfer of disease agent between infected and susceptible individuals

Question 12

indirect transmission

Answer 12

transmission involving an intermediate step (airborne, vehicleborne, vectorborne, biological) (vehicles: nonliving objects by which agents are transfered)

Question 13

multi-causation disease model (host, choices, environment)

Answer 13

host: inalterable, unique genetic endowment
personality, beliefs, behavioral choices: impact host
complex environment: exposes the host to risk factors

Question 14

common non communicable diseases

Answer 14

cancer (second leading cause of death in US), heart disease (48%, leading cause of death in US), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, liver disease, and cirrhosis

Question 15

levels of prevention

Answer 15

primary: Forestall onset of illness or injury during the pathogenesis period
secondary: early diagnosis and prompt treatment before the disease becomes advanced and disability severe
tertiary: aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis; retain, reeducate, rehabilitate

Question 16

goals for eradication of disease

Answer 16

prevent: planning for and taking action to prevent or forestall the onset of disease or health problem
intervention: effort to control disease in progress; taking action during d\an event
control: total elimination of disease from the human population

Question 17

active immunity

Answer 17

occurs when exposure to a disease-causing organism prompts the immune system to develop antibodies against that disease

Question 18

passive immunity

Answer 18

occurs when a person revives antibodies against a disease rather than the immune system producing them

Question 19

isolation

Answer 19

separation for the person for the length of time the disease is communicable

Question 20

quarantine

Answer 20

limitation of freedom of movement for well individuals. used until the incubation period is over.

Question 21

disinfection

Answer 21

killing of communicable agents outside of the host

Question 22

types of secondary prevention of communicable disease

Answer 22

Individuals: Self-diagnosis, self-treatment with home remedies, Antibiotics prescribed by a physician

Communities: Controlling or limiting the extent of an epidemic
Carefully maintaining records; investigating cases

Question 23

tertiary prevention of communicable disease

Answer 23

individuals return to full health.
communities work to prevent reoccurrence of epidemic

Question 24

AIDS prevention

Answer 24

hot spot approach
preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
syringe service programs (SSPs)
blood bore pathogens standard

Question 25

primary prevention for noncommunicable disease

Answer 25

individuals: health education, healthy food habits, exercise, safe driving
community: adequate food and energy supply, efficient community services, education opportunities, employment, housing

Question 26

secondary prevention for noncommunicable disease

Answer 26

Individuals: Personal screenings, regular medical and dental checkups, the pursuit of diagnosis, and prompt treatment
Communities: Provision of mass screenings for chronic diseases, case-finding measures, provision of adequate health personnel, equipment, and facilities

Question 27

tertiary prevention for noncommunicable disease

Answer 27

individual: significant behavior and lifestyle change. adherence to med. rehabilitation
community: adequate emergency personnel and services