DISEASES Flashcards
symptoms of — infection can be sudden and include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. These are followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and internal and external bleeding.
Ebola
The symptoms of Ebola infectioN
fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. These are followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and internal and external bleeding.
is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite mostly during the day
is known to preferentially infect stem cells in the brain
ZIKA VIRUS
hey typically start 3–14 days after infection, are generally mild including rash, fever, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise and headache, and usually last for 2–7 days.
ZIKA VIRUS
causes inflammation in the stomach and intestines.
ROTA VIRUS A AND B -
Most human rotavirus diarrheal illness is caused by ___, which mostly affects newborns and young children.
Rotavirus species A (RVA)
___has been linked to occasional epidemics of adult diarrheal illness in humans.
Rotavirus species B (RVB)
Severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal discomfort, and dehydration
ROTA VIRUS A & B
diseases caused by bacteria.
BACTERIAL DISEASES
is an infection with a bacteria called Salmonella
Salmonellosis
are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces.
Salmonella
Salmonella was first discovered and isolated from the intestines of pigs infected with classical swine fever, by ___ in 1855.
Theobald Smith
The bacterial strain was named after ___, an American pathologist who worked with Smith.
Dr Daniel Elmer Salmon
diarrhea
fever
abdominal cramps
12 to 72 hours after infection
chills
headache
nausea
vomiting
SALMONELLA
Gastrointestinal illness caused by an infection with the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae (sero group O1 or O139)
CHOLERA
s found in the feces of people (with or without symptoms) infected with the bacteria. The bacterium may also live in the environment in brackish rivers and coastal waters.
Vibrio cholerae
is an intestinal infection caused by a family of bacteria known as shigella or gram-negative bacteria Shigella species.
Shigella infection (shigellosis)
Shigella is named after___, a Japanese scientist who discovered the bacteria in 1897
Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga
diarrhea (often bloody)
abdominal pain
stomach cramps
fever
SHIGELLOSIS
Transmission
shigellosis
Fecal to oral route.
Direct person to person contact.
Indirect transmission.
Sexually transmitted.
___(break-bone fever) is a viral infection that spreads from mosquitoes to people. It is more common in tropical and subtropical climates.
DENGUE
___spread dengue to people through bites.
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
is a life-threatening disease spread to humans by some types of mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries. It is preventable and curable.
Malaria
5 Plasmodium parasite species that cause malaria in humans:
P. falciparum and P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. knowlesi.
The most severe form of malaria, which may progress to a coma, is known as ___
cerebral malaria.
most important cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. It is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, and belongs to the same genus as dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses.
Japanese encephalitis virus JEV
“Aka” Meningococcal septicemia
Is an acute and potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the bloodstream. The bacteria frequently live in a person’s upper respiratory tract without causing visible signs of illness
MENINGOCOCCEMIA
Caused by Neisseria meningitidis
MENINGOCOCCEMIA
Fever and chills
Fatigue (feeling tired)
Vomiting
Cold hands and feet
Severe aches or pain in the muscles, joints, chest, or abdomen (belly)
Rapid breathing
Diarrhea
In the later stages, a dark purple rash
MENINGOCOCCEMIA
CURE/PREVENTION: MENINGOCOCCEMIA
Early recognition
Immunization
Antibiotics
Hygiene and Healthy diet
is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. People with active TB disease in the lungs or voice box can spread the disease.
Tuberculosis
is a chronic infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae. The disease predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves
Leprosy or Hansen’s Disease
Prolonged cough (sometimes with blood)
Chest pain
Weakness
Fatigue
Malnourished/weight loss
Fever
Night sweats
Tuberculosis
Discolored patches of skin
Painless swelling and ulcers on the sole of the feet and face
Loss of eyebrows or eyelashes
Loss of sensation/weakness of the muscles
Prolonged cough (sometimes with blood)
Leprosy
is a rehabilitation program for people with TB. They will visit and observe your health while taking doses of drugs that may be needed during the rehabilitation period.
TBDoTs
is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals.
It is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira.
Leptospirosis
High fever
Headache
Chills
Muscle aches
Vomiting
Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
Red eyes
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Rash
LEPTOSPIROSIS
illnesses that can be transmitted from animals to humans. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, and can be spread through direct contact with an infected animal or its bodily fluids, as well as through bites from infected insects or ticks. Some common examples of zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, and salmonella.
Zoonotic diseases -
is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including humans. It is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through a bite or scratch
Rabies
Fever and headache
Excessive salivation and frothing at the mouth
Difficulty swallowing and muscle weakness
Seizures and convulsions
Agitation, confusion, and hallucinations
SYMPTOMS rabues
are any illnesses or conditions caused by parasites living and reproducing in your body.
Parasitic infections
are organisms that need another living thing (a host) to get the nutrients they need to survive. Parasitic infections often cause intestinal illness, with symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting.
Parasites
are a type of harmful algal bloom, and they occur worldwide.
Red tide
- This disease is caused by the production of saxitoxin by the Alexandrium species. Poisoning occurs when one ingests shellfish contaminated with PSP toxins, causing disruption of nerve function and paralysis.
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)
This disease is caused by the Dinophysis species. DSP is generally not lethal.
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)
This disease is caused by domoic acid-producing planktonic and benthic algae. It can also be found in soft shell clams and blue mussels.
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP)
is a species of dinoflagellates. It produces toxins that induce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and is a common cause of red tide.
Alexandrium fundyense
is a microscopic, single-celled, photosynthetic organism in the genus Karenia. It is a marine dinoflagellate commonly found in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
Karenia brevis
tingling of the lips and tongue (spreads to the face, neck, fingertips.)
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
SYMPTOMS red tide
refers to the intentional use of biological agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, to harm or terrorize a population.
Bioterrorism
Third highest priority agents include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination
CATEGORY C
Some of the AGENTS/DISEASES in Category C include:
Nipah Virus
Hantavirus
was first discovered in 1999 following an outbreak of disease in pigs and people in Malaysia and Singapore. This outbreak resulted in nearly 300 human cases and more than 100 deaths, and caused substantial economic impact as more than 1 million pigs were killed to help control the outbreak.
NIPAH VIRUS
is a zoonotic virus (it is transmitted from animals to humans) and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people
NIPAH VIRUS
re a group of viruses that are primarily transmitted to humans through contact with rodents, particularly deer mice.
HANTAVIRUS
HANTAVIRUS These viruses can cause two main types of diseases in humans:
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS).
primarily transmitted to humans through contact with the saliva, urine, or droppings of infected rodents, particularly deer mice in North America.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
is a serious disease with early symptoms that resemble those of HPS.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
Second highest priority agents include those that are moderately easy to disseminate, result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates, and require specific enhancements of CDC’s diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease surveillance.
Bioterrorism Agent Category B
Sample Agents/Diseases for Category B:
Cholera
E. Coli O157:H7 - Escherichia coli
Hepatitis A
Salmonella
an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
Cholera
It is the most common strain to cause illness in people.
Escherichia coli
is a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV)
found in the stool and blood of people who are infected.
Hepatitis A
includes high priority pathogens that can pose a risk to the national security
CATEGORY A
ANTHRAX can be transmitted in different ways:
Direct Contact (cutaneous)
Airborne Transmission
Ingestion of Contaminated Goods
can be transmitted by infected fleas, direct contact with infected tissues and inhalation of respiratory droplets
PLAGUE
can be transmitted through infective droplets during close contact or contaminated objects
SMALLPOX
CATEGORY A DISEASES
ANTHRAX
BOTULISM
PLAGUE
SMALL POX
