diseases Flashcards
the EIA virus replicates with ___ circulating in the body
white blood cells
epistaxis is not a ___ problem but ___ to another condition. A very common cause for this is ___
primary, secondary, nasogastric intubation
COPD is a ___, allergic respiratory dz where ___ of the airways is noted. it is similar to ___ in humans
chronic, constriction, asthma
primary sinusitis is generally seen in ___ and is generally caused by ____. secondary sinusitis is seen in ___ and often caused by ____
foals, inhaling bacteria or fungi, mature adults, infected tooth root
equine viral rhinopneumonitis is caused by
equine herpes virus
roars is a condition that most commonly affects ___ and ___ affects the ___ respiratory tract and occurs when one or both or the ___ becomes ___
thoroughbreds, draft horses, upper, arytenoid cartilages, paralyzed
Bacterial endocarditis is an ____ condition that affects the tissue lining the __ and is typically caused by ___ or ___. we can try to treat with ___ weeks of IV antimicrobial therapy but prognosis is typically ___
inflammatory, heart, bacteria, thrombophlebitis, 4-8, poor
a horse suffering from choke will often have feedstuffs coming from their ___
nostrils
_____ is the causative agent of stangles
streptococcus equi
___ is the most commonly seen atrial arrhythmia in horses
atrial fibrillation
___ is usually the causative agent for guttural pouch mycosis
aspergillus spp
COPD is commonly seen in horses kept in ___, ____ environments
dry, dusty
____ is the most common drug to cause thrombophlebitis
phenylbutazone
___ can occur in horses that eat 1.5 - 3 lns of dry/wilted red maple leaves
red maple toxicosis
what can we do to treat COPD
changing the environment, changing the hay supply, antihistamines
what are the characteristic signs of EIA and in which phase will you see them
chronic phase - depression, lethargic, petechia, sweating, anorexia
what is choke
the esophagus is partially or completely obstructed
ways EIA can be transmitted between horses
blood transfusions, sharing syringes, improperly cleaned instruments, biting insects, semen or milk
3 countries that have an equine influenza free status
new england, iceland, australia
heave line
the abdomen muscles working extremely hard, become enlarged and form the heave line
what is the name of the test for EIA
coggins test
how is guttural pouch mycosis treated
topical antifungal therapy, applied directly onto the plaques, surgery
which lymph nodes are effected by strangles and what ultimately happens to them
enlarged submandibular lymph nodes, eventually abscess
Purpura hemorrhagica
complication of strangles that occurs when high antibodies against the infection are vaccinated
EHV-1 associated with in regards to clinical signs / disease
mid to late term abortions
what is epiglottic entrapment
epiglottis becomes trapped by soft tissues in the pharynx
clinical signs of epiglottic entrapment
coughing, poor performance, respiratory noises.
treatment of epiglottic entrapment
surgery, axial transection or the aryepiglottic fold. or benign neglect
what is guttural pouch empyema
a secondary condition from another disease, when pus builds up in the guttural pouches, treaed by lavage and infusion of penicillin into the pouches, tx of primary cause, or surgery
3 surgical tx for roars
prosthetic laryngoplasty, arytenoidectomy, ventriculectomy
most common vascular disease of horses
thrombophlebitis
bastard strangles
a complication of equine strangles, usually effects the mesenteric lymph nodes
lice is more common problem during the summer months
false
rabies vaccination for horses in required in all states
false
____ are the number one cause for insect hypersensitivity in horses
biting gnats
___ is the name of the sucking louse and ___ is the name of the biting louse
haematopinus asisi, damalinia equi
rain rot characterized by ___ and is often ___
crusting lesions, non puretic
scratches is commonly seen in the ___ of draft breed horses. it is treated by ___ and allowing the area to dry out
feathering, cleaning with chorhexidine
HYPP stands for ____ and is found in ___
hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, quarter horse
the reservoirs for sleeping sickness are ___,___,and ___. the vector is ____
birds, reptiles, rodents, mosquito
west nile causes inflammation of the ___, and it has a ___ survival rate than sleeping sickness
CNS, better
HYPP is a mutation that causes ___ channels to malfunction thus allowing the excessive release of ___. this allows the skeletal muscles to be ___ and contract ___
sodium, potassium, overly excitable, involuntarily
___ are the most common eye condition of the horse and can be caused by ___, ___, ___ or ___
corneal ulcers, trauma, corneal scratching, bacterial infections, or fungal infections
the causative agent of tetanus (___) is a potent ____ that causes disease when it releases its toxin which will ultimately prevent the release of GABA. GABA ___ nerve propagation. Without this, the nerves fire continuously causing ____
costridium tetani, neurotoxin, inhibits, constant muscle contraction
proud flesh is ___ that begins growing outside the margins of a wound. it can be found on the ___ and is a highly ___ tissue
granulation tissue, distal limbs, vascular
cystitis is ___ and mares are affected more commonly than males. It is generally caused by ___ or ___
inflammation of the urinary bladder, nerve damage, neoplasia
___ is a pastern dermatitis that can occur when horses are kept in wet or unhygienic conditions
scratches
___ us the common name for equine recurrent uveitis, characterized by ___ inside the eye. either one or both eyes can be affected. there is no definitive proof that this is a genetic condition but ___,____,____, tend to have higher incidence of disease
moon blindness, inflammation, appaloosas, warm bloods, draft breeds
__ is the leading cause of blindness in horses world wide
equine recurrent uveitis
topical ___ can be applied to horses with corneal ulcers but frequency should be kept to a minimum
antibacterial ointment
____ are stones that begin to from when the pH in the urinary tract begins to change
urolithiasis / uroliths
equine cushing syndrome is better defined as ___. this is b/c it affects a different area of the ___ (the pars intermedia) than in other species
PPID, pituitary gland
4 ways to manage insect control
fly spray, manure removal, fans in stalls, feed through fly control
typical stance / clinical sign of tetanus
horse saw posture
how do we treat urinary stones in equine pateints
removal of the stone
EPM stand for
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
3 main drugs used to treat EPM
marquis (ponazuril)
naviator ( nitazoxanide)
daraprim ( sulfafiazine, pyrimethamine
what med can be given to horses suffering from and active HYPP attack
calcium gluconate diluted in 1 L of 5% dextrose
HYPP managed in regard to husbandry
avoiding high potassium feeds, feeding smaller more frequent meals, regular exercise program, room to roam, avoiding water deprivation
3 different viruses that encompass sleeping sickness
EEE, WEE, VEE
3 classifications of HYPP
N/N (negative), H/N (heterozygous), H/H (homozygous)
we should not use NSAIDs for more than ___ days in horses for fear of causing gastric ulcers. ___ and __ are the most common NSAIDS to cause GI ulcers
5-7, banamine, bute
ehrlichiosis is caused by a ____ that is more common in the ___ months and around ___. the tx of chouce is ___ and banamine. we should do our best to try to prevent __ in the patient
neorickettsia risticii, summer, waterways, oxytetracycline, laminitis
signs of dummy foal can take up to __ to appear
2 days
hoof abscesses cause severe, acute ___. it is a common finsing in horses with a history of ____ or ___
foreign body penetration or chronic laminitis
___ is the NSAID of choice to help relieve the symptoms of colic
Banamine
the ___ found on fescue is responsible for causing fescue toxicosis
endophytes
navicular syndrome occurs when excessive ___ and __ on the __ puts pressure on the ___
stress, strain, flexor tendons, navicular bursa
the most common cause for dystocia in horses are ___,___,___
large foal, malpositioned foal, and twins
___ is a zoonotic dz that is more commonly found in ___ but can occur in ___. it causes profuse, watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to ___ and ___
salmonella, foals, all ages, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
the blood factors ___,___,___ are responsible for causing neonatal isoerythrolysis
a, c, q
the pain associated with hoof abscesses is generally relieved when
the abscess ruptures
roughly ___ of show or racing horses have had / will have GI ulcers
80%
___ is the tx of choice for GI ulcers
gastroguard, husbandry changes
ehrlichiosis is commonly called ____. this is a dz that causes inflammation of the ___ which can lead to diarrhea nad poor water absorption
potomac horse fever, colon
stone of the GI tract are called
enteroliths
___ is the musculature condition that most commonly occurs when a horse is asked to do more work that training allows
Rhabdomyolysis
in severe cases of rhabdomyolysis, ___ of the striated skeletal muscle can occur as well as ___ compromise
necrosis, renal
2 methods for trying to treat dummy foals
foal squeeze and supportive care
2 most common causes for GI ulcers
husbandry methods, the use of NSAIDs
prepubic tendon typically rupture
3rd trimester
most common cause of rectal tears
rectal palpation
what causes laminitis
insult or injury that causes blood to bypass the dermal laminae
oxytocin administration avoided in mares suffering from dystocia
can lead to uterine rupture
FPT
failure of passive transfer
problems associated with fescue toxicosis
prolonged gestation, thickened placenta, dysmature foals, agalactia
bowed tendons are the result of
injury to the deep flexor tendons or superficial flexor tendon
tx for dystocia in mares
lightly sedated, epidural, correct the malpositioned foal, c section is the last resort
thrush is a bacterial infection that affects the
sulci of the frog
ovarian tumors in mares
granulosa cell - excess of estrogen
thecal cell - excess of testosterone
what is colic
generalized term for abdominal pain
what is laminitis
avascular necrosis of the sensitive laminae in the hoof
signs of colic
pawing at the ground, rollings, flank watching, sweating, tachycardia, kicking at the abdomen
