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Equine > diseases > Flashcards

diseases Flashcards

1
Q

the EIA virus replicates with ___ circulating in the body

A

white blood cells

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2
Q

epistaxis is not a ___ problem but ___ to another condition. A very common cause for this is ___

A

primary, secondary, nasogastric intubation

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3
Q

COPD is a ___, allergic respiratory dz where ___ of the airways is noted. it is similar to ___ in humans

A

chronic, constriction, asthma

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4
Q

primary sinusitis is generally seen in ___ and is generally caused by ____. secondary sinusitis is seen in ___ and often caused by ____

A

foals, inhaling bacteria or fungi, mature adults, infected tooth root

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5
Q

equine viral rhinopneumonitis is caused by

A

equine herpes virus

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6
Q

roars is a condition that most commonly affects ___ and ___ affects the ___ respiratory tract and occurs when one or both or the ___ becomes ___

A

thoroughbreds, draft horses, upper, arytenoid cartilages, paralyzed

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7
Q

Bacterial endocarditis is an ____ condition that affects the tissue lining the __ and is typically caused by ___ or ___. we can try to treat with ___ weeks of IV antimicrobial therapy but prognosis is typically ___

A

inflammatory, heart, bacteria, thrombophlebitis, 4-8, poor

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8
Q

a horse suffering from choke will often have feedstuffs coming from their ___

A

nostrils

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9
Q

_____ is the causative agent of stangles

A

streptococcus equi

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10
Q

___ is the most commonly seen atrial arrhythmia in horses

A

atrial fibrillation

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11
Q

___ is usually the causative agent for guttural pouch mycosis

A

aspergillus spp

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12
Q

COPD is commonly seen in horses kept in ___, ____ environments

A

dry, dusty

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13
Q

____ is the most common drug to cause thrombophlebitis

A

phenylbutazone

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14
Q

___ can occur in horses that eat 1.5 - 3 lns of dry/wilted red maple leaves

A

red maple toxicosis

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15
Q

what can we do to treat COPD

A

changing the environment, changing the hay supply, antihistamines

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16
Q

what are the characteristic signs of EIA and in which phase will you see them

A

chronic phase - depression, lethargic, petechia, sweating, anorexia

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17
Q

what is choke

A

the esophagus is partially or completely obstructed

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18
Q

ways EIA can be transmitted between horses

A

blood transfusions, sharing syringes, improperly cleaned instruments, biting insects, semen or milk

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19
Q

3 countries that have an equine influenza free status

A

new england, iceland, australia

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20
Q

heave line

A

the abdomen muscles working extremely hard, become enlarged and form the heave line

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21
Q

what is the name of the test for EIA

A

coggins test

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22
Q

how is guttural pouch mycosis treated

A

topical antifungal therapy, applied directly onto the plaques, surgery

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23
Q

which lymph nodes are effected by strangles and what ultimately happens to them

A

enlarged submandibular lymph nodes, eventually abscess

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24
Q

Purpura hemorrhagica

A

complication of strangles that occurs when high antibodies against the infection are vaccinated

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25
Q

EHV-1 associated with in regards to clinical signs / disease

A

mid to late term abortions

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26
Q

what is epiglottic entrapment

A

epiglottis becomes trapped by soft tissues in the pharynx

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27
Q

clinical signs of epiglottic entrapment

A

coughing, poor performance, respiratory noises.

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28
Q

treatment of epiglottic entrapment

A

surgery, axial transection or the aryepiglottic fold. or benign neglect

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29
Q

what is guttural pouch empyema

A

a secondary condition from another disease, when pus builds up in the guttural pouches, treaed by lavage and infusion of penicillin into the pouches, tx of primary cause, or surgery

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30
Q

3 surgical tx for roars

A

prosthetic laryngoplasty, arytenoidectomy, ventriculectomy

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31
Q

most common vascular disease of horses

A

thrombophlebitis

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32
Q

bastard strangles

A

a complication of equine strangles, usually effects the mesenteric lymph nodes

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33
Q

lice is more common problem during the summer months

A

false

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34
Q

rabies vaccination for horses in required in all states

A

false

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35
Q

____ are the number one cause for insect hypersensitivity in horses

A

biting gnats

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36
Q

___ is the name of the sucking louse and ___ is the name of the biting louse

A

haematopinus asisi, damalinia equi

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37
Q

rain rot characterized by ___ and is often ___

A

crusting lesions, non puretic

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38
Q

scratches is commonly seen in the ___ of draft breed horses. it is treated by ___ and allowing the area to dry out

A

feathering, cleaning with chorhexidine

39
Q

HYPP stands for ____ and is found in ___

A

hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, quarter horse

40
Q

the reservoirs for sleeping sickness are ___,___,and ___. the vector is ____

A

birds, reptiles, rodents, mosquito

41
Q

west nile causes inflammation of the ___, and it has a ___ survival rate than sleeping sickness

A

CNS, better

42
Q

HYPP is a mutation that causes ___ channels to malfunction thus allowing the excessive release of ___. this allows the skeletal muscles to be ___ and contract ___

A

sodium, potassium, overly excitable, involuntarily

43
Q

___ are the most common eye condition of the horse and can be caused by ___, ___, ___ or ___

A

corneal ulcers, trauma, corneal scratching, bacterial infections, or fungal infections

44
Q

the causative agent of tetanus (___) is a potent ____ that causes disease when it releases its toxin which will ultimately prevent the release of GABA. GABA ___ nerve propagation. Without this, the nerves fire continuously causing ____

A

costridium tetani, neurotoxin, inhibits, constant muscle contraction

45
Q

proud flesh is ___ that begins growing outside the margins of a wound. it can be found on the ___ and is a highly ___ tissue

A

granulation tissue, distal limbs, vascular

46
Q

cystitis is ___ and mares are affected more commonly than males. It is generally caused by ___ or ___

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder, nerve damage, neoplasia

47
Q

___ is a pastern dermatitis that can occur when horses are kept in wet or unhygienic conditions

A

scratches

48
Q

___ us the common name for equine recurrent uveitis, characterized by ___ inside the eye. either one or both eyes can be affected. there is no definitive proof that this is a genetic condition but ___,____,____, tend to have higher incidence of disease

A

moon blindness, inflammation, appaloosas, warm bloods, draft breeds

49
Q

__ is the leading cause of blindness in horses world wide

A

equine recurrent uveitis

50
Q

topical ___ can be applied to horses with corneal ulcers but frequency should be kept to a minimum

A

antibacterial ointment

51
Q

____ are stones that begin to from when the pH in the urinary tract begins to change

A

urolithiasis / uroliths

52
Q

equine cushing syndrome is better defined as ___. this is b/c it affects a different area of the ___ (the pars intermedia) than in other species

A

PPID, pituitary gland

53
Q

4 ways to manage insect control

A

fly spray, manure removal, fans in stalls, feed through fly control

54
Q

typical stance / clinical sign of tetanus

A

horse saw posture

55
Q

how do we treat urinary stones in equine pateints

A

removal of the stone

56
Q

EPM stand for

A

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

57
Q

3 main drugs used to treat EPM

A

marquis (ponazuril)
naviator ( nitazoxanide)
daraprim ( sulfafiazine, pyrimethamine

58
Q

what med can be given to horses suffering from and active HYPP attack

A

calcium gluconate diluted in 1 L of 5% dextrose

59
Q

HYPP managed in regard to husbandry

A

avoiding high potassium feeds, feeding smaller more frequent meals, regular exercise program, room to roam, avoiding water deprivation

60
Q

3 different viruses that encompass sleeping sickness

A

EEE, WEE, VEE

61
Q

3 classifications of HYPP

A

N/N (negative), H/N (heterozygous), H/H (homozygous)

62
Q

we should not use NSAIDs for more than ___ days in horses for fear of causing gastric ulcers. ___ and __ are the most common NSAIDS to cause GI ulcers

A

5-7, banamine, bute

63
Q

ehrlichiosis is caused by a ____ that is more common in the ___ months and around ___. the tx of chouce is ___ and banamine. we should do our best to try to prevent __ in the patient

A

neorickettsia risticii, summer, waterways, oxytetracycline, laminitis

64
Q

signs of dummy foal can take up to __ to appear

A

2 days

65
Q

hoof abscesses cause severe, acute ___. it is a common finsing in horses with a history of ____ or ___

A

foreign body penetration or chronic laminitis

66
Q

___ is the NSAID of choice to help relieve the symptoms of colic

A

Banamine

67
Q

the ___ found on fescue is responsible for causing fescue toxicosis

A

endophytes

68
Q

navicular syndrome occurs when excessive ___ and __ on the __ puts pressure on the ___

A

stress, strain, flexor tendons, navicular bursa

69
Q

the most common cause for dystocia in horses are ___,___,___

A

large foal, malpositioned foal, and twins

70
Q

___ is a zoonotic dz that is more commonly found in ___ but can occur in ___. it causes profuse, watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to ___ and ___

A

salmonella, foals, all ages, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances

71
Q

the blood factors ___,___,___ are responsible for causing neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

a, c, q

72
Q

the pain associated with hoof abscesses is generally relieved when

A

the abscess ruptures

73
Q

roughly ___ of show or racing horses have had / will have GI ulcers

A

80%

74
Q

___ is the tx of choice for GI ulcers

A

gastroguard, husbandry changes

75
Q

ehrlichiosis is commonly called ____. this is a dz that causes inflammation of the ___ which can lead to diarrhea nad poor water absorption

A

potomac horse fever, colon

76
Q

stone of the GI tract are called

A

enteroliths

77
Q

___ is the musculature condition that most commonly occurs when a horse is asked to do more work that training allows

A

Rhabdomyolysis

78
Q

in severe cases of rhabdomyolysis, ___ of the striated skeletal muscle can occur as well as ___ compromise

A

necrosis, renal

79
Q

2 methods for trying to treat dummy foals

A

foal squeeze and supportive care

80
Q

2 most common causes for GI ulcers

A

husbandry methods, the use of NSAIDs

81
Q

prepubic tendon typically rupture

A

3rd trimester

82
Q

most common cause of rectal tears

A

rectal palpation

83
Q

what causes laminitis

A

insult or injury that causes blood to bypass the dermal laminae

84
Q

oxytocin administration avoided in mares suffering from dystocia

A

can lead to uterine rupture

85
Q

FPT

A

failure of passive transfer

86
Q

problems associated with fescue toxicosis

A

prolonged gestation, thickened placenta, dysmature foals, agalactia

87
Q

bowed tendons are the result of

A

injury to the deep flexor tendons or superficial flexor tendon

88
Q

tx for dystocia in mares

A

lightly sedated, epidural, correct the malpositioned foal, c section is the last resort

89
Q

thrush is a bacterial infection that affects the

A

sulci of the frog

90
Q

ovarian tumors in mares

A

granulosa cell - excess of estrogen
thecal cell - excess of testosterone

91
Q

what is colic

A

generalized term for abdominal pain

92
Q

what is laminitis

A

avascular necrosis of the sensitive laminae in the hoof

93
Q

signs of colic

A

pawing at the ground, rollings, flank watching, sweating, tachycardia, kicking at the abdomen

Equine (1 decks)

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