Diseases Flashcards
Bacteria
single celled organisms without a nucleus
Viruses
Thread-like particles that produce by taking over living cells
Fungi
Simple organisms that grow as single cells or thread like filaments
Protozoa
single-celled organism with a nucleus
Disease
anything that causes your body to not function properly
Non-infectious disease
disease that cannot be transmitted from person to person since they are caused by other factors e.g. genetics, environment and lifestyle
infectious disease
disease that can be tranmsitted via a pathogen
Pathogen
disease causing organism
Types of pathogens
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa
Distinguish between an infectious disease and a non-infectious disease
Infectious diseases are transmitted between individuals by a pathogen for example influenza where the virus is spread through particles in the air (coughed, sneezed, breathed out) WHEREAS non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens, they are caused by other factors for example down syndrome that is caused by an additional chromosome.
types for non-infectious diseases
genetic disorders, diet related, environmental, circulatory system, cancers, drug abuse, mental illness
huntington’s disease
cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control
a single defective gene on chromosome 4, mutation of DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat
involuntary jerking, muscle problems, slow eye movement, difficulty in speech or swallowing
No cure, drugs, physiotherapy and talk therapy
Genetic counselling before having children, cant prevent once inherited
Melanoma
cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or tanning lamps
Large brown spots, moles that change in colour, size, feel and bleeds, small lesions with irregular border and portions that appear red white pink blue
Skin grafting, surgical removal, excision of the primary melanoma on the skin
Wear UV protection, sunscreen
Direct transmission
The disease is spread by direct contact with an infected person
Indirect transmission
disease which occurs through an intermediary agent such as an insect, air or contaminated water
How do diseases enter the body
nose/lungs, mouth/digestive tract, cuts in skin/burns, sexual transmission, blood to blood contact
protozoans
small, single-celled organisms common in water and soil
Prions
abnormally folded protein that causes progressive neurodegenerative conditions
How can infectious diseases be transmitted
Direct: shaking hands, kissing, sexual intercourse
Indirect: insects, mosquitoes, fleas, air, contaminated water
rubella
transmission, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control
RNA virus
direct contact with nasal or throat secretion of infected individual
Low grade fever, sore throat, rash across face that spreads to body
No medicine or treatment, bed rest and medicine for fever
Getting vaccinated
Malaria
transmission, symptoms, treatment, prevention/control
Plasmodium parasite
Bitten by an infected female Anopheles mosquito
Fever, shaking chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia and jaundice (loss of red blood cells)
Antiparasitic, antibiotics, antimalarial drugs
Take protective drugs before, during and after trip
Potato blight
plant affected, type of pathogen
caused irish potato famine
potato
fungus
Panama disease
plant affected, type of pathogen
banana
fungus
Dickeya dianthicola
plants affected, type of pathogen
potatoes (also artichokes and chicory)
bacteria
citrus canker
plant affected, type of pathogen
citrus trees- limes, oranges, grapefruit
bacteria
american foulbrood disease
animal affected, type of pathogen
bees
bacteria
Ovine Johne’s disease
animal affected, type of pathogen
sheep
bacteria
Avian infuenza
animal affected, type of pathogen
birds
virus
Foot and mouth disease
animal affected, type of pathogen
cloven-hoofed animals e.g. cows, sheep goats, pigs
virus
Epidemic
higher than normal numbers of people are affected by a particular disease in certain place
Pandemic
an outbreak that goes global, placing large numbers of people at risk
non-specific immunity
immunity that protects against a variety of microbes
specific immunity
immunity that is targeted to particular microbe(s)
antigen
substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response
antibody
Y shaped protein produced by the body in response to the presence of an antigen
White blood cells (general)
blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue
part of the body’s immune system
Help the body fight disease
also called a lymphocyte
White blood cells- B cells
Fight pathogens by making antibodies, which are specific to each pathogen
White blood cells -T cells
Eliminate cells that have already been infected by a pathogen
White blood cells- memory B cells
Produced the first time a pathogen enters the body. Remain in the body long after the initial infection. Remember the pathogen and act quickly if it enters the body again
Herd immunity
When enough people in a population are vaccinated against a particular disease.
Obesity
Cause, symptoms, treatment, prevention
Poor diet, little physical activity or sleep
Excessive body fat, pain in back or joints, bingeing, fatigue, pot belly
More physical activity, a healthy reduced calorie diet
Healthy nutritional diet and eating behaviours, regular physical activity, reduced sedentary activity
what type of disease is Huntington’s disease
genetic non-infectious
what type of disease is melanoma
environmental non-infectious
what type of disease is obesity
life style non-infectious
what disease affects potatos as a fungus
potato blight
what disease affects bananas as a fungus
Panama
What disease affects citrus trees as a bacteria
Citrus canker
what disease affects bees as a bacteria
american foulbrood disease
what disease affects sheep as a bacteria
ovine john’s disease
what disease affects birds as a virus
avian influenza
what disease affects cloven-hoofed animals as a virus
foot and mouth disease
what type of disease is rubella
direct transmission
what type of disease is malaria
indirect transmission
how does a vaccine work
gives you immunity to a pathogen without you actually having to catch the disease and get sick
Antibiotics
Drugs that destroy bacteria or inhibit bacteria from reproducing
overuse can leave to antibiotic resistant bacteria
pathogens can be killed or spread limited by
our natural immune system, in food through heat (sterilising), cold (freezing), sugar, salt, weak acid like vinegar, drying (dried fruit), antiseptics and disinfectants, antibiotics, vaccines, avoiding close contact, avoid being bitten by vectors (parasite)
