disease transmission-plants

Question 1

what is indirect transmission in plants caused by

Answer 1

-soil contamination by spores (from protists and viruses)
-soil contamination from pathogens (bacteria and viruses) enter through the roots

Question 2

when is disease transmission in plants more likely

Answer 2

-when roots have been damaged e.g. burrowing animals

Question 3

examples of vectors that indirectly transfer disease

Answer 3

1. wind
2. water
3. animals
4. humans

Question 4

how is wind a vector of disease

Answer 4

bacteria, viruses, spores and fungi are carried on the wind

Question 5

how is water a vector of disease

Answer 5

-spores in surface filter on leaves, raindrop splashes carry pathogen and spores

Question 6

how are animals a vector of disease

Answer 6

-insects and birds carry pathogens as they feed between plants
-e.g. aphids inoculate straight into tissues

Question 7

how are humans a vector of disease

Answer 7

-hands
-clothes
-utensils
-farming practices
-transport of plants between countries

Question 8

factors affecting transmission in plants

Answer 8

-damp, warm conditions
-poor soil nutrition
-overcrowding
-climate change
-varieties planted susceptible to disease

Question 9

example of indirect transmission in plants

Answer 9

dutch elm disease

Question 10

what is dutch elm disease caused by

Answer 10

fungus

Question 11

how is dutch elm disease spread

Answer 11

-vector (elm bark beetle)

Question 12

symptoms of dutch elm disease

Answer 12

-causes leaves to wilt and die