Disease processes Flashcards
What occurs when the body is not able to maintain homeostasis?
Diseases occur when the body is not able to maintain homeostasis.
How do infectious diseases occur?
Infectious diseases occur by bacteria entering the body.
What characterizes acute diseases?
Acute diseases have sudden onset and short recovery.
What defines chronic diseases?
Chronic diseases usually last longer than 6 months, recovery requires ongoing medication and treatment.
What are degenerative diseases?
Degenerative diseases occur when the aging process causes tissue in the body to wear down.
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a common form of joint disorder.
What is arthritis?
Arthritis is the inflammation of joints.
What are infections?
Infections occur when a pathogen enters the body, grows, and multiplies.
What is asthma?
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs due to inflammation.
What is dyspnea?
Dyspnea is characterized by chest tightness and wheezing.
What is pneumonia?
Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs due to infection in which the air sacs fill with fluid and pus.
What is aspiration pneumonia?
Aspiration pneumonia results from inhaling foreign matter.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
COPD is a group of chronic lung diseases (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) with which airflow to the lungs is progressively obstructed.
What are common symptoms of COPD?
Patients have frequent coughing, hypoxia, dyspnea, and fatigue.
What is cancer?
Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth.
What is hypertension?
Hypertension is high blood pressure when systolic pressure is consistently 130 mm Hg or higher or diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg or higher.
What are risk factors for hypertension?
Risk factors include obesity, stress, smoking, excessive alcohol use, diabetes, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, and a high Na+ diet.
What are common symptoms of hypertension?
Often no symptoms shown in patients; if so: sweating, blurred vision, fatigue, vertigo, headache.
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?
CAD results from narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup, resulting in the heart not receiving adequate oxygen and nutrients.
What are risk factors for CAD?
Risk factors include poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.
What is the first indication of CAD?
The first indication of CAD is a heart attack.
What is heart failure?
Heart failure is a chronic disorder that results in the heart being unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body’s needs.
What can cause heart failure?
Causes include injury to heart muscle after a heart attack or congenital heart defects.
What are risk factors for heart failure?
Risk factors include obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, and a high cholesterol diet.
What is a myocardial infarction?
A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs as a result of a blood clot or atherosclerosis preventing blood in the coronary arteries from reaching the heart.
What happens if the heart does not receive blood and oxygen?
If the heart does not receive blood and oxygen, heart tissue dies.
What is atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, called plaque.
What is a stroke?
A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked, causing brain cells to die.
What are common symptoms of a stroke?
Symptoms include slurred speech, paralysis, facial droop, disorientation, cognitive changes, and loss of consciousness.
What are the two types of diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is categorized as type 1 and type 2.
What is type 1 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes occurs early in life when the pancreas is not able to produce insulin.
What is type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes occurs later in life when cells in the body have become resistant to insulin that the pancreas produces.
What is systolic blood pressure?
Systolic blood pressure refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood throughout the body.
What is diastolic blood pressure?
Diastolic blood pressure measures the pressure in your arteries between heartbeats.
What is the expected reference range for systolic blood pressure?
Expected reference range is less than 120 mm Hg.
What is the expected reference range for diastolic blood pressure?
Expected reference range is less than 80 mm Hg.
What is the blood pressure category for 130 to 139 systolic?
High blood pressure (hypertension) stage 1.
What is the blood pressure category for 140 or greater systolic?
High blood pressure (hypertension) stage 2.
What is the blood pressure category for 180 or greater systolic?
Hypertensive crisis.
