disease of nervous system

Question 1

Huntington disease

Answer 1

is an inherited disease that causes certain nerve cells in the brain to waste away. People are born with the defective gene, but symptoms usually don’t appear until middle age. Early symptoms of HD may include uncontrolled movements, clumsiness, and balance problems. Later, HD can take away the ability to walk, talk, and swallow. Some people stop recognizing family members. Others are aware of their environment and are able to express emotions.

Question 2

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

Answer 2

is a group of more than 30 inherited diseases. They all cause muscle weakness and muscle loss. Some forms of MD appear in infancy or childhood. Others may not appear until middle age or later. The different types can vary in whom they affect, which muscles they affect, and what the symptoms are. All forms of MD grow worse as the person’s muscles get weaker. Most people with MD eventually lose the ability to walk.

Question 3

Meningitis

Answer 3

is an inflammation of the fluid and membranes (meninges) surrounding your brain and spinal cord. The swelling from meningitis typically triggers signs and symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck.

Question 4

meningitis bacteria

Answer 4

Hemophilus
Pneumococcal
Streptococcal
Staphylococcal

Question 5

Encephalitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the brain, often due to infection.
The infection may be bacterial or viral. In some cases, encephalitis may be the result of an immune system disorder.
Mild cases may cause no symptoms or mild flu-like symptoms. Severe cases can be life-threatening. Immediate medical attention is needed for symptoms such as confusion, hallucinations, seizures, weakness, and loss of sensation.
In addition to addressing the underlying cause, treatments include symptomatic relief and supportive care.

Question 6

Myelitis

Answer 6

is inflammation of the spinal cord which can disrupt the normal responses from the brain to the rest of the body, and from the rest of the body to the brain. Inflammation in the spinal cord, can cause the myelin and axon to be damaged resulting in symptoms such as paralysis and sensory loss.

Question 7

Encephalomyelitis

Answer 7

is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Intracranial abscess and granuloma

Answer 8

A collection of pus that develops in the brain due to an infection.

Question 9

Phlebitis

Answer 9

inflammation of a vein

Question 10

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 10

is an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in your legs.

Question 11

hereditary ataxias

Answer 11

are a group of genetic disorders characterized by slowly progressive incoordination of gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements.

Question 12

cerebellar ataxia

Answer 12

can occur as a result of many diseases and may present with symptoms of an inability to coordinate balance, gait, extremity and eye movements.

Question 13

Friedreich ataxia

Answer 13

is a genetic condition that affects the nervous system and causes movement problems.

Question 14

Hereditary spastic paraplegia

Answer 14

is a genetic condition that affects the nervous system and causes movement problems.

Question 15

Spinal muscular atrophy

Answer 15

is a genetic disorder characterized by weakness and wasting (atrophy ) in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). It is caused by a loss of specialized nerve cells, called motor neurons that control muscle movement.

Question 16

Motor neuron diseases

Answer 16

are a group of conditions that cause the nerves in the spine and brain to lose function over time.

Question 17

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 17

or ALS, is a progressive nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. ALS is often called Lou Gehrig’s disease, after the baseball player who was diagnosed with it.

Question 18

Progressive bulbar palsy

Answer 18

involves the brain stem. The brain stem is the part of the brain needed for swallowing, speaking, chewing, and other functions. Signs and symptoms of progressive bulbar palsy include difficulty swallowing, weak jaw and facial muscles, progressive loss of speech, and weakening of the tongue.

Question 19

Primary lateral sclerosis

Answer 19

s a rare, neuromuscular disorder that affects the central motor neurons and is characterized by painless but progressive weakness and stiffness of the muscles of the legs. Such weakness may progress to affect the arms and the muscles at the base of the brain (bulbar muscles).

Question 20

Postpolio syndrome

Answer 20

is a neurologic disorder characterized by new and progressive muscular weakness, pain, and fatigue many years after the occurrence of acute paralytic polio.

Question 21

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 21

is a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination. Parkinson’s symptoms usually begin gradually and get worse over time. As the disease progresses, people may have difficulty walking and talking.

Question 22

Secondary parkinsonism

Answer 22

is when symptoms similar to Parkinson disease are caused by certain medicines, a different nervous system disorder, or another illness. Parkinsonism refers to any condition that involves the types of movement problems seen in Parkinson disease

Question 23

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 23

is a life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to neuroleptic or antipsychotic medication. Symptoms include high fever, confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate

Question 24

Postencephalitic parkinsonism

Answer 24

Post-encephalitic Parkinsonism is a disease believed to be caused by a viral illness that triggers degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Overall, this degeneration leads to clinical parkinsonism.

Question 25

“Vascular parkinsonism (VP)

Answer 25

is a condition which presents with the clinical features of parkinsonism that are presumably caused by cerebrovascular disease. It is classically described as symmetrical lower-body parkinsonism with gait unsteadiness and absence of tremors and is usually associated with pyramidal signs.

Question 26

Hallervorden Spatz disease (HSD

Answer 26

is a rare neurodegenerative disorder of basal ganglia and is characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms, mental deterioration, dementia, and retinal degeneration. Both familial and sporadic cases have been reported.

Question 27

Progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia

Answer 27

is a condition that affects the movement of the eyes. Alternative Names. Progressive supranuclear …

Question 28

Striatonigral degeneration

Answer 28

is a neurological disorder caused by a disruption in the connection between two areas of the brain-the striatum and the substantia nigra. These two areas work together to enable balance and movement. Striatonigral degeneration is a type of multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Question 29

Dystonia

Answer 29

is a movement disorder in which a person’s muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body.

Question 30

dyskinesia

Answer 30

Uncontrolled, involuntary muscle movement.

Question 31

Idiopathic torsion dystonia

Answer 31

is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of movement disorders, characterized by sustained dystonic muscle contractions causing involuntary twisting movements and/or postures, where causes like cerebral lesions (especially of the basal ganglia), drugs or other neurological

Question 32

Orofacial dystonia

Answer 32

are associated with various combinations of spasmodic contractions of muscles of the jaw, lower face, lips, and tongue. Dystonic movements are typically slower and more protracted while dyskinetic movements are more frequent and rapid.

Question 33

Blepharospasm

Answer 33

is abnormal contraction of the eyelid muscles. It often refers to benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) which is a bilateral condition and a form of focal dystonia leading to episodic closure of the eyelids.

Question 34

Myoclonus

Answer 34

refers to a quick, involuntary muscle jerk. Hiccups are a form of myoclonus, as are the sudden jerks, or “sleep starts,” you may feel just before falling asleep. These forms of myoclonus occur in healthy people and rarely present a problem.

Question 35

Chorea

Answer 35

is a movement disorder that causes involuntary, irregular, unpredictable muscle movements. The disorder can make you look like you’re dancing (the word chorea comes from the Greek word for “dance”) or look restless or fidgety. Chorea is a movement problem that occurs in many different diseases and conditions

Question 36

Tic

Answer 36

A compulsive, repetitive sound or movement that’s often difficult to control.

Question 37

Tourette syndrome

Answer 37

is a neurological disease in which patients make a series of repetitive, involuntary movements and sounds that are commonly referred to as ‘tics’.

Question 38

Akathisia

Answer 38

is a movement disorder characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness accompanied by mental distress and an inability to sit still. Usually, the legs are most prominently affected.

Question 39

Restless legs syndrome (RLS)

Answer 39

is a condition that causes an uncontrollable urge to move your legs, usually because of an uncomfortable sensation. It typically happens in the evening or nighttime hours when you’re sitting or lying down. Moving eases the unpleasant feeling temporarily

Question 40

Stiff-person syndrome

Answer 40

is a rare neurological disorder with features of an autoimmune disease. SPS is characterized by fluctuating muscle rigidity in the trunk and limbs and a heightened sensitivity to stimuli such as noise, touch, and emotional distress, which can set off muscle spasms.

Question 41

Shuddering attacks

Answer 41

are recognized as an uncommon benign disorder occurring during infancy or early childhood. The attacks seem to involve shivering movements occurring daily for several seconds without impairment of consciousness. it consists of rapid shivering of the head, shoulder, and occasionally the trunk.