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Drugs > Disease, medical terms and abbreviation > Flashcards

Disease, medical terms and abbreviation Flashcards

1
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth

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2
Q

Hygroscopic

A

tending to absorb moisture from the air.

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3
Q

Gastroparesis

A

Also called delayed gastric emptying

A disorder that slows or stops the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine

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4
Q

IE

A

Infective Endocarditis

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5
Q

NVE in heart disease

A

Natural Valve Endocarditis

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6
Q

FQ

A

Floroquinolone

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7
Q

PCN

A

Penicillin

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8
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

A condition in which you have a low blood platelet count

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9
Q

Anorexia

A

a lack or loss of appetite for food

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10
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

an emotional disorder characterized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat.

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11
Q

ESR

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
A blood test that detects and monitors inflammation in the body. It measures the rate at which RBCs in a test tube separate from blood serum over time, becoming sediment in the bottom of the test tube

Moderately elevated ESR occurs with inflammation but also with anemia, infection, pregnancy, and with aging. A very high ESR usually has an obvious cause, such as a severe infection

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12
Q

SR, PR (Prolonged Released), ER, XL, XR

A

maintains drug release over a sustained period but not at a constant rate

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13
Q

CR

A

maintains drug release over a sustained period at a nearly constant rate

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14
Q

DR, EC

A

is enteric coated while the other ER is not. enteric-coated to delay release of the medication until the tablet has passed through the stomach to prevent the drug from being destroyed or inactivated by gastric juices or where it may irritate the gastric mucosa.

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15
Q

Enema

A

a fluid injected into the lower bowel by way of the rectum. The most frequent use of an enema is to relieve constipation or for bowel cleansing before a medical examination or “procedure”

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16
Q

Guilaine-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

A

Rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system.

The initial symptoms are typically changes in sensation or pain along with muscle weakness, beginning in the feet and hands and may lead to respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction (changes in HR and BP).

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17
Q

Reyes Syndrome

A

Rapidly progressive encephalopathy.

Symptoms may include vomiting, personality changes, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.

Even though liver toxicity typically occurs, yellowish skin usually does not.

Death occurs in 20–40% of those affected and about a third of those who survive are left with a significant degree of brain damage

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18
Q

Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

A

A type of severe skin reaction.

Early symptoms include fever and flu-like symptoms.
A few days later the skin begins to blister and peel forming painful raw areas.
Mucous membranes, such as the mouth, are also typically involved.

Complications include dehydration, sepsis, pneumonia, and multiple organ failure.[2]

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19
Q

What drugs may cause SJS?

A

The most common cause is certain medications such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamide antibiotics, and nevirapine.

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20
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by inflammation of the digestive, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In fact, Crohn’s can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus, but it is more commonly found at the end of the small intestine (ileum)

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21
Q

List of drugs that causes sulfa allergy

A

antibiotic combination drugs such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Septra, Bactrim) and erythromycin-sulfisoxazole

sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) used for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis

dapsone (used to treat leprosy, dermatitis, and certain types of pneumonia)

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22
Q

True allergic symptoms to Sulfa allergy

A

Symptoms may happen quickly:

  • hives
  • swelling of the face, mouth, tongue, and throat
  • drop in blood pressure
  • anaphylaxis

Symptoms may develop within 10 days with rare cases:

  • fever
  • skin eruptions
  • drug-induced arthritis
  • swollen lymph nodes
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23
Q

IBD vs IBS

A

It’s important not to confuse an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a disorder that affects the muscle contractions of the bowel and is not characterized by intestinal inflammation, nor is it a chronic disease.

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24
Q

Lipodystrophy

A

A disorder in which the body is unable to produce fat. The medical condition is characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body’s adipose tissue

Abnormal degeneration of fat tissue

25
Q

Steatosis

A

Abnormal retention of lipid within a cell.

26
Q

CAP

A

Community-acquired pneumonia

27
Q

HAP

A

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

28
Q

Nephrothiliasis

A

Kidney stone

29
Q

Azotemia

A

Abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds (such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds) in the blood

30
Q

PAP test

A

Also called a Pap smear, is a screening procedure for cervical cancer. It tests for the presence of precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix. The cervix is the opening of the uterus. During the routine procedure, cells from your cervix are gently scraped away and then examined for abnormal growth.

31
Q

Alcohol metabolism in human (Simple)

A

EtOH -> Acetaldehyde -> Acetate/Acetyl radicals

32
Q

3 enzymes converting alcohol to acetaldehyde

A 
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
Cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1)
Catalase
33
Q

Enzyme converting acetaldehyde to acetyl radicals and the abbreviation
Where is this enzyme found the most

A

Acetaldehyde/Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Normal one is ALDH2
Liver

34
Q

Asian flushing mechanism

A

Normal ALDH2 can metabolize alcohold effectively, but 50% Asians have ALDH2*2, which is only 8% efficient as ALDH2.
This will lead to symptoms of acetaldehyde poisoning, including the characteristic flushing of the skin and increased heart and respiration rates.

35
Q

Disufiram-rxn def

A

Accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood, due to inhibition of the hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases

36
Q

Some drugs with disufiram-rxn

A

_ Abacavir
_ Some cephalosporine like: Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone
_ Chloramphenicol
_ Hydrazines such as isoniazid and procarbazine
_ Ketoconazole
_ Macrolide immunosuppressants such as pimecrolimus and tacrolimus
_ Nitrovasodilators (nitrates) such as nitroglycerin
_ Nitrofurans such as furazolidone and nitrofurantoin
_ Nitroimidazoles such as benznidazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole
_Sulfonamides
_ Sulfonylureas such as chlorpropamide, glibenclamide (glyburide), and tolbutamide

37
Q

Drugs helps with alcoholism

A 
_ Disufiram (Antabuse)
_ Topiramate (Trokendi XR, Qudexy XR)
_ Naltrexone (Revia), Topiramate microspheres suspension for IM (Vivitrol XR)
_ Acamprosate (Campral)
38
Q

What is the only herbal supplement that contain statin?

Which statin?

A

Red yeast rice

Lovastatin

39
Q

Oropharyngeal- oropharynx

A

The middle part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.

40
Q

HZV and VZV

A

Herpes Zoster Vaccine for chickenpox caused by Varicella Zoster Virus

41
Q

HCV and HBV and HAV

A

Hep A/B/C virus

42
Q

HSV-1

A

Herpes Simplex Virus - 1
Oral Herpes
Cold sore

43
Q

HSV-2

A

Herpes Simplex Virus - 2

Genital Herpes

44
Q

Ectopic pregnancy or Extrauterine

A

Occurs when the fertilized egg attaches itself in a place other than inside the uterus.

Almost all ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube and are thus sometimes called tubal pregnancies. The fallopian tubes are not designed to hold a growing embryo; thus, the fertilized egg in a tubal pregnancy cannot develop properly and must be treated

45
Q

EPT

A

Expedited Partner Therapy

46
Q

Alopecia

A

Sudden hair loss that starts with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap.

47
Q

Monogamous

A

Involves having sex or marriage to one person at a time

48
Q

Friable

A

Easily crumbled

49
Q

Urogenital

A

both the urinary and genital organs

50
Q

Reiter’s syndrome

A

Joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of the body

A type of reactive arthritis that happens as a reaction to a bacterial infection in the body. The infection usually happens in the intestines, genitals, or urinary tract

51
Q

hCG

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A hormone produced by the placenta after implantation. The presence of hCG is detected in some pregnancy tests (HCG pregnancy strip tests).

Some cancerous tumors produce this hormone; therefore, elevated levels measured when the patient is not pregnant may lead to a cancer diagnosis

52
Q

Inguinal lymphadenopathy

A

Causes swollen lymph nodes in the groin area.

It can be a symptom of infective or neoplastic processes.

53
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

A

Also called Herxheimer or Herx Rxn
Traditionally associated with antimicrobial treatment of syphilis. The reaction is also seen in the other diseases caused by spirochetes: Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and leptospirosis

54
Q

Condylomata

A

A small bump on the genitals
Approximately 90% of condylomata acuminata are related to HPV types 6 and 11. These 2 types are the least likely to have a neoplastic potential

55
Q

How Salicylate can cause gastric mucosal damage?

A

COX-1 inhibit prostaglandins synthesis, which increase H+ permeability of gastric mucosa

56
Q

Which Cephalosporins does not require dose adjustment for impaired renal function?

A

Cefoperazone

57
Q

What types of bacteria does Cephalosporins does not cover?

A

Coccus

58
Q

Difference between XL and SR (Ex: Bupropion)

A

Wellbutrin SR means that the dose of Bupropion is slowly released into the body throughout the day with the goal of maintaining a constant drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Wellbutrin XL releases the dose for an extended period of time in a day

The SR formulation is slowly released in 12 hours while the XL doses are released for a period of 24 hours

Drugs (3 decks)

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