Disease: Its Symptoms And Treatments Flashcards by Erika Kavaliauskaitė

Severity

Rimtumas

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Likelihood of recurrence

Pasikartojimo tikimybe

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Expected outcome

Laukiami rezultatai

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Medical history

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Symptoms

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Physical condition

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To make a diagnosis

Diagnozuoti

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Suffering from

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Chronic

Letine

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Acute

Ūminis

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Benign or malignant

Gerybinis arba piktybinis

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A runny nose

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Infection

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Communicable

Contagious

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Non-contagious

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Physical

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Mental ilness

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Course of the illness

Ligos eiga

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Curable or incurable

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Fatal

Mirtinas

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Terminally ill

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Tentative diagnoses

Preliminarios diagnozes

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Symptoms

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Promptly

Greitai

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Severe bleeding (haemorrhaging)

Kraujavimas

Pain

Ache

Indigestion

Ailment

Negalavimas

Ulcer

Opa

Dysentery

Dizinterija

Associated with

Fever

Cough

Dry

Produce a lot of phlegm

Gamina daug skrepliu

Thick mucus

Tirstos gleives

Sputum

Skrepliai

Fainting, dizziness

Fatigue

Nuovargis

Red blood cell count

Nausea

Vomiting

Intestinal

Zarnyno

Poisoning

Reault from

Balance

Pusiausvyra

Sweating, itching and rashes

Syndrome

Acute

Ūmus

Liver dysfunction

Kepenu disfunkcija

Prevent a recurrence

Ascertain

Nustatyti

Infectious disease

Microorganisms

Fungi

Grybai

Protoza

Primuonys

Pathogens

Germs

Communicable

Contagious

Pass the disease to

Non-infectious

Chronic

Letine

Breakdown of tissues and organs

Audiniu ir organu irimas

Congenital

Igimti

Hormonal disorders

Environmental and occupational diseases

Profesines

Immunologica diseases

Mental illness

Iatrogenic disorder

An abnormal condition caused by the physician’s treatment

Idiopathic

Wihout any recognisable causes

exposed to

veikiamas

immunity

imunitetas

natural immunity

natūralus imunitetas

acquired immunity

įgytas imunitetas

exposure to germs

mikrobu poveikis

depends on

priklauso nuo

antibodies

antikūnai

vaccines

skiepas

vaccinated with

paskiepytas su

weakened

susilpnintas

booster shot

papildomas skiepas

drugs or medicine

vaistai

prescription

receptas

potent

stiprus

overdose

perdozuoti

addictive

kelinatis priklausomybe

to fill

surasyti

antibiotic drugs

antibiotikai

Made from fungi

pagaminti iš grybų

Inhibits the growth

slopina augimą

Allergic to

alergiškas

Narcotic drugs

narkotiniai vaistai

Painkillers

nuskausminamieji

Excessive

per didelis

Digitalis

digitalis

Anticoagulants

antikoaguliantai

Diuretics

diuretikai

Insulin

insulinas

Aspirin

aspirinas

Relieve pain

palengvinti skausmą

Blood-thinning properties

kraują skystinančios savybės

Heart attack

širdies smūgis

Common cold

peršalimas

Cure

išgydyti

Relieve the symptoms

palengvinti simptomus

Acetaminophen liet.

acetaminofenas (skausmą malšinantis)

Decongestant

dekongestantas (slogai gydyti)

Nasal stuffiness

užsikišusi nosis

Runny nose

sloga

Gargling with

gargaliavimas su

Sucking on

čiulpimas

Soothe a sore throat

nuraminti gerklės skausmą

Over-the-counter

be recepto

Laxatives

laisvinamieji

Tranquilisers

trankviliantai (raminantys)

Sedatives

raminamieji

Sleeping pills

migdomieji

Pep pills

vaistai nuo ŽIV

Surgery

operacija

Radiation therapy

radiacijos terapija

Chemotherapy

chemoterapija

Patient’s lifestyle

paciento gyvenimo būdas

Special diets

specialios dietos

Altering habits of exercise

besikeičiantys sporto įpročiai

Decreasing workload and stress

mažėjantis darbo krūvis ir stresas

Reduce inflammation –

sumažinti uždegimą

Debilitating conditions –

sekinančios sąlygos

Pollution

tarša

Over the hill –

– per senas

Migraine

migrena

Flu/influenza -

gripas

Cattarh

– kataras (susikaupia gleivės)

Measles, rubeola

tymai

Mumps, parotitis

kiaulytė

Epilepsy

epilepsija

Hepatitis

Peritonitis

– pilvaplėvės uždegimas

Indigestion

– sunkus virškinimas

Stroke, cerebrovascular accident -

insultas

Leukaemia -

hiv

Hay fever -

šienligė

Cold

peršalimas

Asthma

Coryza

– gleivinės uždegimas

Chicken-pox, varicella

vėjaraupiai

Whooping cough, pertussis

kokliušas

Rheumatism

reumatas (pažeidžia širdį, sąnarius)

Pneumonia

Jaundice

gelta

Appendicitis

Haemorrhage

kraujavimas

Tumour

navikas

Miscarriage

persileidimas

Allergic rhinitis –liet

alerginė sloga

Strep throat

ūminis kosulys

Bronchitis

Diabetes

German measles

vokiski tymai

Tuberculosis

Nephritis

nefritas

Malaria

Heart attack

širdies smūgis

cancer

vezys

allergy

a sore throat

skaudanti gerkle

Earache

ausies skausmas

Spots

dėmės/ spuogai

A black eye

A lump

gumbas

Diarrhoea

vidurvaimas

Painful joints

skausmingi sąnariai

blisters

pusleles

sunbrun

nudegimas nuo saulės

breathless

dusta

shivery

dreba

faint

silpnai

Particularly bad at night

ypač blogai naktį

depressed

prislegtas

constipated

užkietėję viduriai

Tired all the time

appetite

Take your temperature –

pamatuoti temp

Listen to your chest

paklausyti krūtinės

Look in your ears

apžiūrėti ausis

Examine you –

– apžiūrės tave

Take your blood pressure

pamatuoti kraujo spaudimą

Ask you some questions

paklausti keleto klausimų

Weight and measure you

pasvers ir pamatuos ūgį

Send to hospital for further tests

mumps

kiaulyte

pneumonia

rheumatism

reumatas

an ulcer

opa

sprained ankle

issukta kulksnis

Dislocated ankle –

išnirusi kulkšnis

Hypochondriac

– susirūpinęs, kad susirgs tam tikra liga

A brain haemorrhage

smegenų kraujavimas

– preparation of living, weakened, or killed microorganisms injected into the body so that the body will produce antibodies to fight the infection caused by those microorganisms.

Vaccine

– a symptom or condition indicating that a certain drug or procedure ordinary advisable should not be used in this particular situation or by a particular patient

Contraindication

– an abnormally high body temperature

Fever

– insufficiency of red blood cells

Anaemia

– an unusual or abnormal bodily condition such as a rash, cough, fever or pain

Symptom

– disease-causing microorganism

Pathogen (germ)

describes an ailment that comes on suddenly, has severe symptoms, and is of short duration.

Acute –

– describes an ailment that is likely to persist or recur in the patient over a considerable length of time

chronic

– excessive bleeding, internally or externally

Haemorrhage

– a protective protein that is produced in response to foreign material (an antigen, such as bacteria

Antibody

– a written instruction by a physician to permit a pharmacist to dispense medication to a patient

Praescription

– a combination of symptoms usually found in a particular disease

Syndrome

– feeling the need to vomit

Nausea

– restore health through medical treatment

Cure

– invasion of the body by disease-producing microorganisms

Infection

– the body fights an infection with antibodies and white blood cells

Immunity

– air expelled from the lungs suddenly and noisily

Cough

A wide range of drugs to relieve pain -

PAINKILLER

They help to remove excess fluid from the body -

DIURETICS

They increase activity -

STIMULANTS

These drugs are used to reduce and suppress swelling –

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

Excellent painkillers originally derived from opium –

NARCOTIC DRUGS

One of the best known drugs which anyone can buy and use to relieve pain, inflammation and fever -

ASPIRIN

They prevent blood clots forming -

ANTICOAGULANTS

They soothe patients and help them sleep -

SEDATIVES

These are used to calm people and relieve anxiety -

TRANQUILISERS

Taken to relieve constipation -

LAXATIVES

These help to clear a stuffy nose -

DECONGESTANT

Antibiotics are sometimes given this name because of the rapid relief they bring to many infectious diseases –

MIRACLE DRUGS

It’s used in the treatment of diabetes -

INSULIN

It’s used to increase the performance of a weak heart –

DIGITALIS

dyfunction

Abnormality in the operation of a specified bodily organ or system

Blood poisoning term

Septicaemia

A bacteria, virus or other microorganism that can cause disease

pathogen

The manner of development of a disease

Pathogenesis

Relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

Iatrogenic

Not fully developed

Immature

Inflammation of nasal sinus

Sinusitis

An antibiotic against tuberculosis

Streptomycin

A disease which arises spontaneously

Idiopathy

A group of symptoms which consistently occur together

Symbiosis, syndrome

Runny nose – syn

rhinorrhea

Pass on –syn

transmit

Via –syn

through

Trigger –syn

cause

Pick up (virus) –syn

catch

Catch (disease) –syn

contract

Hoarseness –syn

dysphonia

Fever –syn

temperature

Fatigue –syn

tiredness

– weakness, feeling unwell syn

Malaise

Affect –

have an effect

Common –

frequently occurring

Contaminated –

made impure by contact with something unclean

– time between infection and disease

Incubation

– viscous, slimy lining of inner bodily cavities

Mucus

– sickness at the stomach

Nausea

– global epidemic

Pandemic

– to start a reaction, a chain of events, etc.

Trigger

Complicate –

facilitate

mild

severe

Resistant –

susceptible

Sold by prescription –

over-the-counter

Stimulate –

inhibit

Rhinoviruses –

peršalimo virusai

Adenoviruses –

kvėpavimo takų virusai

Respiratory syncytial virus –

ūminį bronchitą sukeliantis vir.

Develops immunity –

įgyja imunitetą

Reach their peak –

pasiekia viršūnę

Hoarse voice –

užkimęs balsas

Muzzy-headed –

pasimetęs

Respiratory viruses –

kvėpavimo takų virusai

Variability –

įvairovė

Impact on –

įtaka

possesses

valdo

Emerging –

atsirandantys

Subtype –

potipis

Isolated in –

izoliuotas

Transmission of the illness –

ligos perdavimas

Spread from person to person by tiny droplets –

plinta nuo žmogaus į žmogų mažais lašeliais.

Coughing and sneezing –

kosėjimas ir čiaudėjimas

Initial site –

pradinė vieta

Lining of the respiratory tract –

kvėpavimo takų audinys

Shed in

– išlieti

onset

pradzia

parsist

islikti

Underlying lung disease –

plaučių liga

Defective immune systems

– silpnas imunitetas

Upper and lower respiratory tract –

viršutiniai ir apatiniai kvėpavimo takai

Subsequent –

vėlesnis

Result in –

padaryti kažkokį rezultatą

Swine flu –

kiaulių gripas

Body aches –

kūno skausmai

Chills –

šiurpuliukai

Proper nutrition –

tinkama mityba

Malnutrition –

nepakankama mityba

Aetiology –

etiologija

Contemporary society –

šiuolaikinė visuomenė

Atherosclerotic vascular disease –

aterosklerozinė kraujagyslių liga

Hypertension –

padidėjęs kraujospūdis

Obesity –

nutukimas

Tooth decay –

dantų ėduonis

Osteoporosis –

osteoporozė

Inadequate nutrition –

netinkama mityba

Calorie-protein deficiencies

– kalorijų ir baltymų trūkumas

Goitre –

gūžys

Iodine deficiency

– jodo trūkumas

Blindness -

aklumas

Iron-deficiency anaemia –

mažakraujystė

Dental caries –

dantų ėduonis

Widespread –

paplitęs

boundaries

ribos

Large segments – dideli segmentai

Undernutrition –

nepakankama mityba

Impair physical and mental performance

– pakenkti fiziniam ir protiniam darbingumui

Sitology –

sitologija

Nutrients –

maistinės medžiagos

Ensures –

užtikrina

Hereditary background permits –

paveldimos kilmės leidimai

Consumed –

suvartotas

Keystone –

pagrindinis principas

Depends on –

priklauso nuo

Muscular activities –

raumenų veikla

Basal metabolism –

bazinė apykaita

Leisure or spare time –

laisvas laikas

Caloric balance

– kalorijų balansas

Cholesterol content of –

cholesterolio lygis

The latter –

pastarasis

Susceptibility to coronary heart disease

– jautrumas koronarinei širdies ligai

Cerebral haemorrhage –

smegenų kraujavimas

Hypercholesterolemia

– per didelis cholesterolio kiekis

Occurs in association with –

atsiranda kart su

Elevated blood pressure –

pakilęs cholesterolio lygis

Cardiovascular-related premature death

– su širdies ir kraujagyslių sistema susijusi priešlaikinė mirtis

Cigarette smoking –

cigarečių rūkymas

Diabetes mellitus –

cukrinis diabetas

Overweight –

viršsvoris

Infrequent physical activity

– retas fizinis aktyvumas

Protein –

baltymai

Carbohydrate –

angliavandeniai

Fat –

riebalai

Minerals –

mineralai

Vitamins –

vitaminai

Obtains and utilizes –

gauna ir naudoja

Vital constituents –

gyvybiškai svarbūs komponentai

Absorption –

sugėrimas

Elimination of body wastes

– kūno atliekų šalinimas

Urine and faeces –

šlapimas ir išmatos

Evaporation –

garinimas

Mineral nutrient fluoride –

mineralinis maistinis fluoridas

Lessening tooth decay –

sumažinti dantų ėduonį

Lessening the incidence of osteoporosis

– sumažinti osteoporozės dažnį

Hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis) –

arterijų kietėjimas

Cerebral, renal and peripheral artery disease –

smegenų, inkstų ir periferinių arterijų liga

Essential hypertension –

esminė hipertenzija

Aggravated by obesity –

apsunkintas nutukimo

Responsible for –

atsakingas už

Prevalent –

paplitęs

As manifested –

kaip pasireiškia

Scurvy –

skorbutas

Pellagra –

pellagra

Beriberi –

avitaminozė

Xerophtalmia –

kseroftalmija

Shortage of –

trūkumas

Organic compounds –

organiniai junginiai

Enzymes –

fermentai

Symbiotic intestinal microbiota –

simbiotinė žarnyno mikrobiota

Soluble either in fat or in water –

tirpsta riebaluose arba vandenyje

Inorganic compound –

neorganinis junginys

Obtain from food –

gauti iš maisto

Moderate quantities –

saikingi kiekiai

Trace minerals –

mineralai, kurių reikia mažai

Deficiency disease –

trūkumo liga

Retinol –

vitaminas a

Calciferol –

vitaminas D

Alpha tocopherol –

vitaminas E

Fish oil –

žuvų taukai

Exposure to sunlight –

saulės spindulių poveikis

Whole-grain cereals –

pilno grūdo dribsniai

Aids absorption –

padeda absorbcijai

Breakdown of fatty acids –

riebalų rūgščių skilimas

Night blindness –

nematymas prieblandoje

Dry scaly skin –

sausa žvynuota oda

Lowered resistance to infection –

mažesnis atsparumas infekcijai

Rickets –

rachitas

Failure of blood clotting system

– kraujo krešėjimo sistemos sutrikimas

Thiamine

– vitaminas B1

Riboflavin –

vitaminas B2

Leafy vegetables –

lapinės daržovės

Cracked skin –

suskilinėjus oda

Defective vision –

sutrikęs regėjimas

Lean meat –

liesa mėsa

Wheat germ –

kviečių grūdų gemalai

Pyroxidine –

vitaminas B6

Convulsions –

traukuliai

Fatty acids and amino acids

– riebalų rūgštys ir aminorūgštys

Oysters –

austrės

Impaired function of –

sutrikusi funkcija

– low bone density

Osteoporosis

– any substance that provides nourishment for growth or metabolism

Nutrient

– a source of materials to nourish the body

Nourishment

– being provided with adequate nourishment

Nourished

– hardening of the arteries

Atherosclerosis

– dry eyes

Xerophthalmia

– elevated blood pressure

Hypertension

– the process by which living organisms obtain food and use it for growth, metabolism, and repair. Its stages include ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation, and excretion.

Nutrition

– a disease causing weakness and inflammation of nerves.

Beriberi

– severe deficiency causes a disease that induces internal bleeding and swollen joints.

Scurvy

– elevated sugar level in blood

Diabetes mellitus

– a disease in which bones and other hard parts of the body fail to grow properly.

Rickets

– to make or become extremely thin, especially as a result of starvation

Emaciate

– to go back to a former practice, condition, belief, etc.

Revert

– a period of excessive or uncontrolled indulgence in food or drink

Binge

– to change continually; vary irregularly; shift back and forth or up and down

Fluctuate

– a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period

Starvation

– an excessive amount

Overabundance

– limiting

Restrictive

– to cause evacuation of (the bowels)

Defecate

– having little resistance to a specific disease

Susceptible

– impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

Malady

– a persistent disturbing preoccupation with an often unreasonable idea or feeling

Obsession