disease & immunity

Question 1

what is a vaccination?

Answer 1

a way of preventing potential disease- causing micro organisms

Question 2

what is the process of vaccination?

Answer 2

taking either a dead or weakened pathogen and injecting it into the body

Question 3

what is the response given by the body to a vaccine?

Answer 3

starts developing killer cells and other defenses which will fight off active pathogens upon entrance

Question 4

what are the types of immunity?

Answer 4

active & passive immunity

Question 5

what is meant by active immunity?

Answer 5

defense against a pathogen by anti-body production in the body, however it is not applicable in immunodeficient ppl (anti bodies produced)

Question 6

what is meant by passive immunity?

Answer 6

occurs when protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else (Anti bodies obtained)

Question 7

what are the types of wbc’s?

Answer 7

• phagocytes
• lymphocytes

Question 8

function of phagocytes?

Answer 8

engulf & kill pathoogens

Question 9

function of lymphocytes?

Answer 9

produce antibodies

Question 10

what are the types of lymphocytes?

Answer 10

b-cell
t-cell

Question 11

function of the b-cell?

Answer 11

produce the antibodies to attack antigens and stick to the membrane of infected cells

Question 12

what are antigens?

Answer 12

any substance that causes the body to make an immune response to that substance

Question 13

where are b-cells formed?

Answer 13

in the bone marrow

Question 14

what is the function of the t-cell?

Answer 14

wipe out infected or cancerous cells and helps the b-cells to eliminate invading pathogens

Question 15

where is the t-cell produced?

Answer 15

thymus gland

Question 16

what is cholera?

Answer 16

a disease that causes watery diarrhoea that can lead to death thru dehydration

Question 17

how does one obtain cholera?

Answer 17

thru contaminated drinking water

Question 18

what are transmissible diseases?

Answer 18

diseases that can be passed from one person to another

Question 19

what is a pathogen?

Answer 19

a disease causing organism

Question 20

what is fumigation?

Answer 20

the act of purifying air with certain chemical fumes

Question 21

what is a host?

Answer 21

the organism affected by the pathogen

Question 22

what is the name of the pathogen that causes cholera?

Answer 22

vibrio cholerae

Question 23

what causes malaria?

Answer 23

plasmodium (protoctist)

Question 24

what is the host of malaria?

Answer 24

human

Question 25

what is the vector of malaria?

Answer 25

mosquitoes

Question 26

define hiv

Answer 26

human immunodeficiency virus which attacks a persons white blood cells

Question 27

what is the transmissible disease caused by hiv?

Answer 27

aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Question 28

how does aids affect the body?

Answer 28

weakens a person's immune system making them prone to diseases and cancers

Question 29

name three groups of organisms that include pathogens

Answer 29

- bacteria - viruses - protoctists

Question 30

what are the forms of transmission of pathogens?

Answer 30

- direct contact - indirect contact

Question 31

what are the forms of direct contact?

Answer 31

- thru the blood stream - thru body fluids during sexual intercourse

Question 32

what are the forms of indirect contact?

Answer 32

- in the air - thru food/drink - injected by a vector - by touching contaminated edibles

Question 33

define sti

Answer 33

sexually transmitted infection, a disease obtained from sexual activities

Question 34

what is syphilis?

Answer 34

a sti that causes damage to the brain, heart or other organs. it can be prevented with the use of condoms

Question 35

what is hepatitis?

Answer 35

inflammation of the liver (3 types)

Question 36

what are the types of barriers in the body to pathogens?

Answer 36

mechanical and chemical

Question 37

what are the mechanical barriers to the pathogens?

Answer 37

- nose hairs block pathway of pathogens in the air - the skin acts as a barrier

Question 38

what are the chemical barriers to pathogens?

Answer 38

mucus in the esophagus and acid in the stomach

Question 39

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 39

when phagocytes engulf and kill pathogens