disease & immunity Flashcards
what is a vaccination?
a way of preventing potential disease- causing micro organisms
what is the process of vaccination?
taking either a dead or weakened pathogen and injecting it into the body
what is the response given by the body to a vaccine?
starts developing killer cells and other defenses which will fight off active pathogens upon entrance
what are the types of immunity?
active & passive immunity
what is meant by active immunity?
defense against a pathogen by anti-body production in the body, however it is not applicable in immunodeficient ppl (anti bodies produced)
what is meant by passive immunity?
occurs when protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else (Anti bodies obtained)
what are the types of wbc’s?
- phagocytes
- lymphocytes
function of phagocytes?
engulf & kill pathoogens
function of lymphocytes?
produce antibodies
what are the types of lymphocytes?
b-cell
t-cell
function of the b-cell?
produce the antibodies to attack antigens and stick to the membrane of infected cells
what are antigens?
any substance that causes the body to make an immune response to that substance
where are b-cells formed?
in the bone marrow
what is the function of the t-cell?
wipe out infected or cancerous cells and helps the b-cells to eliminate invading pathogens
where is the t-cell produced?
thymus gland
what is cholera?
a disease that causes watery diarrhoea that can lead to death thru dehydration
how does one obtain cholera?
thru contaminated drinking water
what are transmissible diseases?
diseases that can be passed from one person to another
what is a pathogen?
a disease causing organism
what is fumigation?
the act of purifying air with certain chemical fumes
what is a host?
the organism affected by the pathogen
what is the name of the pathogen that causes cholera?
vibrio cholerae
what causes malaria?
plasmodium (protoctist)
what is the host of malaria?
human
what is the vector of malaria?
mosquitoes
define hiv
human immunodeficiency virus which attacks a persons white blood cells
what is the transmissible disease caused by hiv?
aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
how does aids affect the body?
weakens a person’s immune system making them prone to diseases and cancers
name three groups of organisms that include pathogens
- bacteria
- viruses
- protoctists
what are the forms of transmission of pathogens?
- direct contact
- indirect contact
what are the forms of direct contact?
- thru the blood stream
- thru body fluids during sexual intercourse
what are the forms of indirect contact?
- in the air
- thru food/drink
- injected by a vector
- by touching contaminated edibles
define sti
sexually transmitted infection, a disease obtained from sexual activities
what is syphilis?
a sti that causes damage to the brain, heart or other organs.
it can be prevented with the use of condoms
what is hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver (3 types)
what are the types of barriers in the body to pathogens?
mechanical and chemical
what are the mechanical barriers to the pathogens?
- nose hairs block pathway of pathogens in the air
- the skin acts as a barrier
what are the chemical barriers to pathogens?
mucus in the esophagus and acid in the stomach
what is phagocytosis?
when phagocytes engulf and kill pathogens
