Disease + Immunity Flashcards
Ring Rot - Pathogen
Clavibacter michiganensis
(Bacterial)
Ring Rot - Symptoms
Damage to leaves, tubers and fruit
Field unable to regrow potatoes for up to 2 years
Ring Rot - Prevention
No known cure
Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Symptoms
Blackened areas on leaves where cells are destroyed
Lack of photosynthesis (light not absorbed) —> stunted growth and reduced crop yields
Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Prevention
Resistant crop strains
No known cure
Potato Blight - Pathogen
Phytophthora Infestans
(Fungus-like protist)
Potato Blight - Symptoms
Hyphae invade and digest host cells
Damage to leaves, tubers and fruit
Reduced crop yields
Potato Blight - Prevention
Resistant crop strains
Some chemical treatments - no known cure
Black Sigatoka - Pathogen
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis
(Fungus)
Black Sigatoka - Symptoms
Digests cells - turn black
Reduced crop yields + stunted growht
Black Sigatoka - Prevention
Fungicide
Resistant crop strains
Tuberculosis - Pathogen
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Bacteria)
Tuberculosis - Symptoms
Damage to lung tissue
Suppressed immune system
1.3mn deaths in 2012
Can be latent - stays in body for long time before symptoms appear
Tuberculosis - Prevention
Antibiotics
Vaccination
Living standards / conditions
Meningitis - Pathogen
Streptococcus Pneumoniae OR
Neisseria meningitidis
(Bacteria)
Meningitis - Symptoms
Infection of meninges of brain
Septicaemia if spreads in bloodstream
Blotchy red/purple rash - does not turn white under pressure
10% death rate
Meningitis - Prevention
Vaccination
Antibiotics
HIV / AIDS - Symptoms
Heavily suppressed immune system - secondary infections common
Targets T-Helper cells
Retroviral: RNA turned into DNA in host cell
HIV / AIDS - Prevention
No known cure
Barrier contraception e.g. condoms
Anti-retroviral drugs slow down the virus
Influenza - Pathogen
Orthomyxoviridiae spp.
(Virus)
Influenza - Symptoms
Damages and kills tracheal ciliated epithelium
Chances for secondary infections
Class A is most virulent
Influenza - Prevention
Annual vaccinations
Immunity after infection
No known cure
Malaria - pathogen
Plasmodium
(Protist)
Malaria - Symptoms
Spread via mosquitoes (vectors)
Headaches, fatigue, loss of appetite
Damages blood cells
600,000 deaths per year
Malaria - prevention
No known vaccine or cure
Mosquito nets / repellents
Remove standing water
Insecticides
Ring Worm - Pathogen
Trichophyton Verrucosum
(Fungus)
Ring Worm - Symptoms
Grey-white, crusty, circular areas of skin
Not damaging - itchy
Ring Worm - Prevention
Antifungal creams
Avoid skin contact
Athlete’s Foot - Pathogen
Tinia Pedia
(Fungus)
Athlete’s Foot - Symptoms
Grows on and digest moist skin between toes
Cracking and scaling - itchy or sore
Athlete’s Foot - Prevention
Antifungal creams
Avoid skin contact
