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FOUN014 Health and Disease > Disease (H&D 002) > Flashcards

Disease (H&D 002) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of disease?

A

An abnormal condition of an organism as a consequence of an infection, inherent weakness or environmental stress that impairs psychological function

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2
Q

What are two types of diseases?

A

Non-communicable and communicable diseases

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3
Q

What is the definition of non-communicable diseases?

A

It cannot be transmitted to other people (eg. cancer, diabetes and obesity)

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4
Q

What is the definition of communicable diseases?

A

It can be transmitted to other people (eg. COVID-19, influenza and the plague)

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5
Q

What is the definition of infection?

A

The entry and growth of a pathogen within a host

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6
Q

What is the definition of virulence?

A

The capacity of an organism to cause a disease

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7
Q

What are some advantages of parasitism

A

Protected from hostile environments, provide nutritional needs and require minimal amount of energy so can use most of its energy reproducing

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8
Q

What are some disadvantages of parasitism

A

Obliged to go where the host goes, combat against host immune defense systems Most likely to die if the host dies

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9
Q

What is the definition of pathogenicity

A

The ability of a pathogen to cause disease

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10
Q

What are some risk factors that increase the probability of someone getting a communicable disease

A

Not vaccinated, malnourished and drug abuse.

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11
Q

What is a definition of a pathogen

A

A disease causing organism

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12
Q

What is the definition of a host

A

A susceptible person

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13
Q

What is the definition of portal of entry

A

A place where pathogens gain entry to the body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract and through the skin and eyes

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14
Q

What is the definition of a reservoir

A

A place where pathogens can multiply in and spread from (eg. humans, animals, food, soil and water)

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15
Q

What are the four different types of carriers

A

Convalescence, chronic, asymptomatic and contact carriers

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16
Q

What is the definition of a convalescence carrier

A

A carrier that has had the disease and is recovering but still has the pathogen

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17
Q

What is the definition of a chronic carrier

A

A carrier that has had the disease for a long period of time

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18
Q

What is the definition of an asymptomatic carrier

A

A carrier that has no signs or symptoms of the disease but still has the pathogen

19
Q

What is the definition of a contact carrier

A

A carrier that does not have the disease but transfers pathogen from host to host

20
Q

What are the five transmission methods that pathogens use

A

Direct contact, indirect contact, common vehicle, airborne and vector transmission

21
Q

What is the definition of direct contact transmission

A

Transmission of pathogen by physical contact (eg. kissing, shaking hands, sexual contact)

22
Q

What is the definition of indirect contact transmission

A

Contact through non-living objects

23
Q

What is the definition of common vehicle transmission

A

Ingestion or exposure to contaminated food, water or blood

24
Q

What is the definition of airborne transmission

A

Breathing in aerosols, drops of mucus that contain pathogens

25
Q

What is the definition of vector transmission

A

Insects moving from an infected person to a new host

26
Q

What is the reproductive ratio

A

Shows the average number of people that may be infected by a single disease source.

27
Q

What does it mean if Ro < 1

A

The disease will die out in the population

28
Q

What does it mean if Ro > 1 `

A

The disease will be able to spread throughout the population

29
Q

What are the four stages of the natural history of disease

A

Stage of susceptibility, presymptomatic disease, clinical disease and convalescence

30
Q

What is the stage of susceptibility

A

The predisposed host has the disease but the disease itself however is not fully developed. However the host is highly likely to get the disease in the first place

31
Q

What is the stage of presymptomatic disease

A

The process of the disease has started but shows no symptoms

32
Q

What is the stage of clinical disease

A

Symptoms of the disease are now present

33
Q

What is the stage of convalescence

A

The host has not fully recovered from the disease yet

34
Q

What are the three components of the ecological model of disease

A

Host factors , Pathogen and Enviromental conditions

35
Q

What is the definition of health-related event

A

An event that has favorable and unfavorable health changes

36
Q

What is the definition of predisposed

A

Increased likelihood of getting a disease

37
Q

What is the definition of a fomite

A

A non-living object that has the bacteria/virus

38
Q

What are the transmission methods of the influenza virus

A

Indirect contact via fomites and airborne transmission

39
Q

Where is the portal of entry and location of infection

A

In the respiratory tract, epithetical tissue of the upper respiratory tract

40
Q

What are some predisposing factors that contribute to influenza

A

Lack of sleep, weak immune system and stress

41
Q

What are some virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of the influenza virus

A

Spikes of the virus to allow attachment to the host cell, strain mutation allowing itself to multiply

42
Q

What are some health prevention and control methods that would help further spread of the influenza virus

A

Isolation, washing your hands, immunization, coughing hygiene

43
Q

What are some symptoms of influenza

A

Headache, sore throat, fatigue, aches and pains and chills

FOUN014 Health and Disease (5 decks)

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