Disease (H&D 002)

Question 1

What is the definition of disease?

Answer 1

An abnormal condition of an organism as a consequence of an infection, inherent weakness or environmental stress that impairs psychological function

Question 2

What are two types of diseases?

Answer 2

Non-communicable and communicable diseases

Question 3

What is the definition of non-communicable diseases?

Answer 3

It cannot be transmitted to other people (eg. cancer, diabetes and obesity)

Question 4

What is the definition of communicable diseases?

Answer 4

It can be transmitted to other people (eg. COVID-19, influenza and the plague)

Question 5

What is the definition of infection?

Answer 5

The entry and growth of a pathogen within a host

Question 6

What is the definition of virulence?

Answer 6

The capacity of an organism to cause a disease

Question 7

What are some advantages of parasitism

Answer 7

Protected from hostile environments, provide nutritional needs and require minimal amount of energy so can use most of its energy reproducing

Question 8

What are some disadvantages of parasitism

Answer 8

Obliged to go where the host goes, combat against host immune defense systems Most likely to die if the host dies

Question 9

What is the definition of pathogenicity

Answer 9

The ability of a pathogen to cause disease

Question 10

What are some risk factors that increase the probability of someone getting a communicable disease

Answer 10

Not vaccinated, malnourished and drug abuse.

Question 11

What is a definition of a pathogen

Answer 11

A disease causing organism

Question 12

What is the definition of a host

Answer 12

A susceptible person

Question 13

What is the definition of portal of entry

Answer 13

A place where pathogens gain entry to the body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract and through the skin and eyes

Question 14

What is the definition of a reservoir

Answer 14

A place where pathogens can multiply in and spread from (eg. humans, animals, food, soil and water)

Question 15

What are the four different types of carriers

Answer 15

Convalescence, chronic, asymptomatic and contact carriers

Question 16

What is the definition of a convalescence carrier

Answer 16

A carrier that has had the disease and is recovering but still has the pathogen

Question 17

What is the definition of a chronic carrier

Answer 17

A carrier that has had the disease for a long period of time

Question 18

What is the definition of an asymptomatic carrier

Answer 18

A carrier that has no signs or symptoms of the disease but still has the pathogen

Question 19

What is the definition of a contact carrier

Answer 19

A carrier that does not have the disease but transfers pathogen from host to host

Question 20

What are the five transmission methods that pathogens use

Answer 20

Direct contact, indirect contact, common vehicle, airborne and vector transmission

Question 21

What is the definition of direct contact transmission

Answer 21

Transmission of pathogen by physical contact (eg. kissing, shaking hands, sexual contact)

Question 22

What is the definition of indirect contact transmission

Answer 22

Contact through non-living objects

Question 23

What is the definition of common vehicle transmission

Answer 23

Ingestion or exposure to contaminated food, water or blood

Question 24

What is the definition of airborne transmission

Answer 24

Breathing in aerosols, drops of mucus that contain pathogens

Question 25

What is the definition of vector transmission

Answer 25

Insects moving from an infected person to a new host

Question 26

What is the reproductive ratio

Answer 26

Shows the average number of people that may be infected by a single disease source.

Question 27

What does it mean if Ro < 1

Answer 27

The disease will die out in the population

Question 28

What does it mean if Ro > 1 `

Answer 28

The disease will be able to spread throughout the population

Question 29

What are the four stages of the natural history of disease

Answer 29

Stage of susceptibility, presymptomatic disease, clinical disease and convalescence

Question 30

What is the stage of susceptibility

Answer 30

The predisposed host has the disease but the disease itself however is not fully developed. However the host is highly likely to get the disease in the first place

Question 31

What is the stage of presymptomatic disease

Answer 31

The process of the disease has started but shows no symptoms

Question 32

What is the stage of clinical disease

Answer 32

Symptoms of the disease are now present

Question 33

What is the stage of convalescence

Answer 33

The host has not fully recovered from the disease yet

Question 34

What are the three components of the ecological model of disease

Answer 34

Host factors , Pathogen and Enviromental conditions

Question 35

What is the definition of health-related event

Answer 35

An event that has favorable and unfavorable health changes

Question 36

What is the definition of predisposed

Answer 36

Increased likelihood of getting a disease

Question 37

What is the definition of a fomite

Answer 37

A non-living object that has the bacteria/virus

Question 38

What are the transmission methods of the influenza virus

Answer 38

Indirect contact via fomites and airborne transmission

Question 39

Where is the portal of entry and location of infection

Answer 39

In the respiratory tract, epithetical tissue of the upper respiratory tract

Question 40

What are some predisposing factors that contribute to influenza

Answer 40

Lack of sleep, weak immune system and stress

Question 41

What are some virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of the influenza virus

Answer 41

Spikes of the virus to allow attachment to the host cell, strain mutation allowing itself to multiply

Question 42

What are some health prevention and control methods that would help further spread of the influenza virus

Answer 42

Isolation, washing your hands, immunization, coughing hygiene

Question 43

What are some symptoms of influenza

Answer 43

Headache, sore throat, fatigue, aches and pains and chills