Disease Dilemmas KI1

Question 1

4 Types of Pathogens

Answer 1

Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Parasite

Question 2

4 Types of Disease Diffusion

Answer 2

Hierarchical, Contagious, Relocation, Expansion

Question 3

Three Concepts of the Hagestrand Model

Answer 3

Logistic ‘S’ Curve to show changes in Diffusion + Neighbourhood Effect + Physical Barrier

Question 4

How Are Diseases Spread?

Answer 4

Crowded Living + Working Conditions, Poor Sanitation, Poor Nutrition, Poor Healthcare, Poor Education.

Question 5

What is the Hagestrand Model For?

Answer 5

The Diffusion Curve.

Question 6

3 Stages of the Hagerstrand Model?

Answer 6

1st Stage - Acceptance in Place (Early Adopters), 2nd Stage - Spread Rapidly Outward (Majority Adopters), 3rd Stage - Slowing and Reaching Maximum Dispersal (Laggards).

Question 7

Barriers Of Diffusion?

Answer 7

Physical Features; Mountains, Water, Remoteness, Deserts.
Extreme Climates
Political, Economical + Social Boundaries (Travel Restrictions and Borders) - COVID.

Question 8

Factors Preventing Reduction in Disease

Answer 8

Social Stigmas - HIV ‘Gay Disease’
Poverty - Lack Of Access to Healthcare
Poor Education
Globalisation - Increased Travel, Livestock Transportation.

Question 9

Contagious + Infectious Diseases

Answer 9

Influenza, COVID-19.

Question 10

Non Contagious + Infectious Diseases

Answer 10

Diabetes, CVD.

Question 11

Non-Communicable Diseases

Answer 11

Cancer, Diabetes, CVD.

Question 12

Communicable Diseases

Answer 12

Malaria, HIV, TB, Ebola.

Question 13

Bangladesh Case Study PT.1 - Facts

Answer 13

167m Population, 133 on HDI, 1/3 of country under water on annual basis, >25% have access to basic Government health facilities.

Question 14

Bangladesh Case Study PT.2 - Cholera

Answer 14

Spread Mostly in Water, Infectious Bacteria, Low Risk of Death if Treated.
Causes Vomitting, Muscle Cramps, Severe Dehydration and Electrolyte Imbalance.
Endemic - 66m people at risk, Highest Rate in the World.

Question 15

Bangladesh Case Study PT.4 - Impacts

Answer 15

2020 Monsoon Flood.
5.4 million people affected, 1 million homes waterlogged, 135 killed.
Monsoon Floods + COVID-19 Pandemic has exacerbating effect on people affected by the flood.
Most Complex Flood - practices of social distancing + handwashing were impossible to maintain as people are displaced.

Question 16

Bangladesh Case Study PT.3 - Socio-Economic

Answer 16

High Pop Density
High Levels of Poverty
Agriculture Dependent Households
High Number of Households with no access to clean/safe water.
Environmental Population Displacement.

Question 17

ICBBR,B

Answer 17

Bangladesh Research Organisation.

Established in 1960 as cholera research laboratory, global leader in health research and diarrhoeal disease management.

Question 18

What Is A Zoonotic Disease

Answer 18

A Disease that is spread from animals to humans.

Question 19

How Do Physical Barriers Affect Disease

Answer 19

70-90% of Disease is caused by Environmental Factors.
Topography - Shape of land determines drainage + levels of oxygen.
High Altitude - Mountain Sickness + Pulmonary Oedema.
Malaria - Prevalent in humid lowlands.

Question 20

Why Do Influences On Patterns of Disease Change?

Answer 20

Urbanisation, Deforestation, Climate CHange, Disease Control, Sanitation

Question 21

Diseases Vectors Influenced By Physical Barrierrs

Answer 21

Dengue Fever - Tropical Disease > Warm/Humid climate drives life-cycle of Aedes Mosquito
West Nile Fever - South France 2000 Outbreak - High Temp/Humidity/Rainfall.
Lyme Disease - Mild Winter Temp = ^ Ticks + More Grass/Bushes = ^ Dogs + People - ^ Incidence (UK).

Question 22

How Do Seasonal Variations Influence Diseases?

Answer 22

Winter = ^ Influenza
Monsoon Season = Cholera, initially down because washed away but ^ when recontaminated.
Hot Seasons = ^ Malaria - More Vectors (Mosquitos) and ^ Biting Rates.
School Terms = ^ Measles and Chickenpox.

Question 23

Top EID’s

Answer 23

Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, MERS, SARS.