Disease Dilemmas KI1 Flashcards
4 Types of Pathogens
Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Parasite
4 Types of Disease Diffusion
Hierarchical, Contagious, Relocation, Expansion
Three Concepts of the Hagestrand Model
Logistic ‘S’ Curve to show changes in Diffusion + Neighbourhood Effect + Physical Barrier
How Are Diseases Spread?
Crowded Living + Working Conditions, Poor Sanitation, Poor Nutrition, Poor Healthcare, Poor Education.
What is the Hagestrand Model For?
The Diffusion Curve.
3 Stages of the Hagerstrand Model?
1st Stage - Acceptance in Place (Early Adopters), 2nd Stage - Spread Rapidly Outward (Majority Adopters), 3rd Stage - Slowing and Reaching Maximum Dispersal (Laggards).
Barriers Of Diffusion?
Physical Features; Mountains, Water, Remoteness, Deserts.
Extreme Climates
Political, Economical + Social Boundaries (Travel Restrictions and Borders) - COVID.
Factors Preventing Reduction in Disease
Social Stigmas - HIV ‘Gay Disease’
Poverty - Lack Of Access to Healthcare
Poor Education
Globalisation - Increased Travel, Livestock Transportation.
Contagious + Infectious Diseases
Influenza, COVID-19.
Non Contagious + Infectious Diseases
Diabetes, CVD.
Non-Communicable Diseases
Cancer, Diabetes, CVD.
Communicable Diseases
Malaria, HIV, TB, Ebola.
Bangladesh Case Study PT.1 - Facts
167m Population, 133 on HDI, 1/3 of country under water on annual basis, >25% have access to basic Government health facilities.
Bangladesh Case Study PT.2 - Cholera
Spread Mostly in Water, Infectious Bacteria, Low Risk of Death if Treated.
Causes Vomitting, Muscle Cramps, Severe Dehydration and Electrolyte Imbalance.
Endemic - 66m people at risk, Highest Rate in the World.
Bangladesh Case Study PT.4 - Impacts
2020 Monsoon Flood.
5.4 million people affected, 1 million homes waterlogged, 135 killed.
Monsoon Floods + COVID-19 Pandemic has exacerbating effect on people affected by the flood.
Most Complex Flood - practices of social distancing + handwashing were impossible to maintain as people are displaced.
Bangladesh Case Study PT.3 - Socio-Economic
High Pop Density
High Levels of Poverty
Agriculture Dependent Households
High Number of Households with no access to clean/safe water.
Environmental Population Displacement.
ICBBR,B
Bangladesh Research Organisation.
Established in 1960 as cholera research laboratory, global leader in health research and diarrhoeal disease management.
What Is A Zoonotic Disease
A Disease that is spread from animals to humans.
How Do Physical Barriers Affect Disease
70-90% of Disease is caused by Environmental Factors.
Topography - Shape of land determines drainage + levels of oxygen.
High Altitude - Mountain Sickness + Pulmonary Oedema.
Malaria - Prevalent in humid lowlands.
Why Do Influences On Patterns of Disease Change?
Urbanisation, Deforestation, Climate CHange, Disease Control, Sanitation
Diseases Vectors Influenced By Physical Barrierrs
Dengue Fever - Tropical Disease > Warm/Humid climate drives life-cycle of Aedes Mosquito
West Nile Fever - South France 2000 Outbreak - High Temp/Humidity/Rainfall.
Lyme Disease - Mild Winter Temp = ^ Ticks + More Grass/Bushes = ^ Dogs + People - ^ Incidence (UK).
How Do Seasonal Variations Influence Diseases?
Winter = ^ Influenza
Monsoon Season = Cholera, initially down because washed away but ^ when recontaminated.
Hot Seasons = ^ Malaria - More Vectors (Mosquitos) and ^ Biting Rates.
School Terms = ^ Measles and Chickenpox.
Top EID’s
Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, MERS, SARS.
