disease dilemmas

Question 1

infectious

Answer 1

• contagious
• non contagious
• communicable
• zootonic

Question 2

non-infectious

Answer 2

• lifestyle causes
• environmental diseases
• nutritional causes
• genetic causes

Question 3

contagious

Answer 3

Diseases which are easily spread between direct or indirect contact between people.

could be viral (eg ebola) or bacterial (eg plague)

Question 4

non-contagious

Answer 4

Pathogens are spread by disease vectors e.g. mosquitoes and not by people.

Question 5

communicable

Answer 5

Infectious disease which spreads easily from house to house but do not require quarantine.(HIV, herpes)

Question 6

zoonotic

Answer 6

transmitted from animals to humans (rabies, plague, covid)

Question 7

lifestyle causes

Answer 7

Disease is caused by lifestyle choices in habits (e.g. lung cancer diabetes)

Question 8

environmental diseases

Answer 8

Disease is caused by exposure to toxins in the air water land food or the Sun e.g. skin cancer.

Question 9

nutritional causes

Answer 9

Disease is caused by deficiency in particular macro or micro nutrients (diabetes, scurvy, rickets)

Question 10

genetic causes

Answer 10

diseases caused by genetic inheritance (arthritis cancer) .

Question 11

endemic

Answer 11

Usual prevalence of a disease within a population or geographical area

Question 12

epidemic

Answer 12

An outbreak of a disease to infect many people at the same time and spreads to a population in a restricted geographical area

• not usual disease

Question 13

Pandemic

Answer 13

And epidemic that has spread worldwide affecting a large number of people

Question 14

Hagerstrand model of diffusion of diseases

four main types of diffusion

Answer 14

1. expansion
2. relocation
3. hierarchical
4. contagious

Question 15

Expansion

Answer 15

Single source it spreads outwards from

disease intensifies in source area

Question 16

Relocation

Answer 16

Delete these leaves an area and moves to new ones

people moving and bringing the disease there through travel.

Question 17

Hierachincal

Answer 17

Spreads through ordered sequence of classes and places from

larger area to less populated area

Question 18

Contagious

Answer 18

Disease spread through direct contact with a carrier

strongly influenced by difference

Question 19

Hagerstrand “neighbourhood effect” in diffusion

Answer 19

The probability of contact between one carrier and a non-carrier is determined by the number of people living in each 5 x 5 km grid

closer together the more spread further the less spread

Question 20

Hagerstrand 4 stages of diffusion

Answer 20

1. Slow beginning not infected many people
2. Number of infected accelerates rapidly
3. Levelling out as susceptible people have been infected
4. Fewer house virus starts to die off

• Heard immunity or Michigan techniques

Question 21

Barriers to diffusion

Answer 21

physical and socio-economic

Question 22

physical barriers

Answer 22

Ability for vectors to survive distance decay (people living far away not likely to interact so no spread of the disease)
climate
physical barriers e.g. mountain

Question 23

socio-economic barriers

Answer 23

Amount of money for health care cultural factors
political border
management of disease.