Disease Dilemas GC Flashcards
What is an infectious disease?
Diseases spread by pathogens
What is a non-infectious disease?
Diseases that are not spread from host to host but are due to external actor such as lifestyle or genetics
What is an Endemic?
When a disease is at normal level in a community (low levels)
What is an epidemic?
Drastic increase in the number of people infected in a the same community
What is a Pandemic?
An epidemic that has spread to several countries, affecting a large number of people
What is a contagious Disease?
A class of infectious disease that can spread through indirect or direct contact between people
What is a non-contagious disease?
One that are spread through vectors such as mosquitos
What is a communicable disease?
Infectious disease that spread from host to host
What are zoonotic diseases?
These spread from animal to humans
What is distance decay?
The idea that the further away from the source of the disease the lower the incidence of cases
What is expansion diffusion?
When an Infection spreads out from source in all directions from point of origin
intensifies in origin
What is contagious diffusion?
This is when a disease spreads through direct contact
heavily influenced by distance
What is Hierarchical Diffusion?
When a disease spreads through an order of places
E.g From cities to large urban areas to smaller urban areas
What is Relocation Diffusion?
Infection spreads into a new area, leaving behind its origin or source of the disease
It dies out in its previous location
What is Relocation Diffusion?
Infection spreads into a new area, leaving behind its origin or source of the disease
It dies out in its previous location
What is the hagerstrand model?
It is model that maps a disease through 4 stages
What are the 4 stages of the hagerstrand model?
Primary step
Expansion step
Condensation step
Saturation step
What 3 Physical factors does malaria depend on?
Temperature
Humidity
Rainfall
How does malaria rely on temperature?
between 18°C and 40°C mosquitos take more blood
increase numbers of eggs laid, increasing the number of vectors.
How does malaria rely on Humidity?
At levels of over 60% the mosquito has better chances of survival and higher activity level
How does malaria rely on Rainfall?
Female mosquito’s lay eggs on none moving bodies of water
How can seasons influence outbreaks?
During certain seasons diseases have higher transmission rates
e.g flu in winter
What diseases are more prevalent in ACs?
Lifestyle based diseases
e.g CVD and cancer
What are the causes of lifestyle diseases in ACs?
Overnutrition and poor diet
poor exercise
What diseases are more prevalent in LIDCs?
Communicable diseases caused through living conditions
What causes diseases of poverty in LIDCs?
Poor environmental factors
E.g poor sanitation and waste disposal leading to breeding of vectors
Who is WHO and what do they do?
The World Health Organization
They collect health data and give advice to countries around the worl while collaborating with them to help solve health issues
What is a physical barrier?
Factors that lead to an isolation of people or communities and restriction of population movement
What are 2 examples of physical barriers?
Mountain ranges
large water bodies
What types of diseases are physical barriers good against?
contagious
What is a disadvantage of physical barriers to disease management?
it can mean that it is harder for a community to receive humanitarian aid
e.g an earthquake can prevent airports from functioning
What is an Alkaloid?
A Naturally occurring chemical compound, active ingredient in many medicinal drugs.
E.g. morphine
What are Glycosides?
A compound formed from sugar and another compound, many medicines are when derived from plants
What 3 conservation issues has the demand for medicinal plants created?
over harvesting - reducing populations and genetic diversity
4000 are endangered
Habitat destruction contributes to the vulnerability of medicinal plants
