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Scioly > DISEASE DETECTIVES VOCABULARY > Flashcards

DISEASE DETECTIVES VOCABULARY Flashcards

1
Q

Outbreak

A

Greater than anticipated increase in # of endemic cases.

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2
Q

Epidemic

A

Large groups of people affected over a large geographical area.

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3
Q

Pandemic

A

an epidemic that affects several countries &/or continents.

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4
Q

Cluster

A

Collection of cases over a particular period, esp. cancer/birth defects, all grouped together regardless of the precedent, or aggregation of cases over a particular period closely grouped in a time and space.

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5
Q

Contact

A

exposure from another person. Virulence: severity of a disease.

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6
Q

Determinant

A

a factor that decisively affects the nature or outcome of something.

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7
Q

Zoonosis

A

Disease which can be transmitted from animals to humans.

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8
Q

Prophylactic

A

A preventative measure against a disease occurring in the first place.

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9
Q

Nosocomial

A

Origination of any disease in a hospital.

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10
Q

Convalescent

A

A person recovering from a disease or ailment.

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11
Q

Notifiable Disease

A

Any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The collation of information allows the authorities to monitor the disease & provides early warning of possible outbreaks.

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12
Q

Hyperendemic

A

If a disease is constantly present at a high incidence &/or prevalence rate & affects all groups equally.

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13
Q

Endemic/Morbidity Rate

A

frequency w/ which a disease appears in a given population.

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14
Q

Etiology

A

The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.

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15
Q

Amyloid

A

Aggregation of prions that causes illness.

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16
Q

Prion

A

Manifolded proteins that can transmit their state to other normal proteins; protein is an infectious agent.

17
Q

Iatrogenesis

A

harm brought forth by a healer or any unintended adverse patient outcome because of a health care intervention.

18
Q

Holoendemic

A

Almost everyone in the population is infected.

19
Q

Sequelae

A

Condition that is a consequence of previous disease or injury.

20
Q

Epidemiology

A

is the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

21
Q

Incidence

A

the occurrence of new diseases or injuries in a population over a specified period.

22
Q

Index Case

A

The first patient in an Epidemiological study.

23
Q

Latent Period

A

The time in between when a person comes into contact with a pathogen and when they become infected.

24
Q

Classical Epidemiology

A

Population-oriented studies and studies of the origins of health-related nutrition of health related to nutrition, environment, human behavior, and the state of a population.

25
Q

Convalescent Carrier

A

A person who is clinically recovered from an infectious disease but is still capable of transmitting the infectious agent to others.

26
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Due to the activity of a physician or therapy.

27
Q

Quarantine

A

Separation of well persons to monitor for illness.

28
Q

Isolation

A

Separation of ill persons to prevent transmission.

29
Q

Vector

A

an organism (such as an insect) that transmits a pathogen (ex. mosquito for a mosquito bite)

30
Q

Vehicle (fomite)

A

an inanimate object that can carry infection ex. water contamination.

31
Q

Modes of transmission

A

(direct or indirect) Direct. Direct contact. Droplet spread. Indirect. Airborne. Vehicle borne. Vector Borne (mechanical or biologic).

32
Q

Natural History of a Disease

A

The natural history of a disease is the course a disease takes in individual people from its pathological onset until its resolution. The inception of a disease is not a firmly defined concept. The natural history of a disease is sometimes said to start at the moment of exposure to causal agents.

33
Q

The Stages of Disease

A

The five periods of the disease include the incubation (# of days infected before you see symptoms), prodromal (characteristic symptoms of infection occur), illness (clinical symptoms of the disease manifests), decline (# pathogen particles begin to decrease), and convalescence (symptoms resolve) For an infectious agent.

34
Q

Infectivity

A

refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected.

35
Q

Pathogenicity

A

refers to the proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease.

36
Q

Virulence

A

refers to the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal.

Scioly (1 decks)

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