Disease: Course Intro

Question 0

Smallpox-Arabs, and Chinese

Answer 0

-Have evidence of using “vaccines” with needles

Question 1

Smallpox?

Answer 1

• very common

- symptoms: pustules all over body, most found on the trunk, disfiguring

Question 2

Lady Mary Wortley Montegu

Answer 2

~1720’s

-brought the technique to England

Question 3

Edward Jenner

Answer 3

~1800

• 1795: He inoculated his son, “scarification”
• Took puss from a milk aids cowpox, wiped it on a scratch on the boy to introduce the disease, did not get cow pox
• Unknown why this worked, did not know what was causing small pox in the first place.

Question 4

Paris Conference

Answer 4

• 1851

- wanted to find the reason behind what was causing epidemics, no one could agree on the answer

Question 5

Spontaneous Generation Theory

Answer 5

Theory that complex living organisms arise from non-living matter

 ie. mice come from the garbage, not to the garbage - proven wrong!

Question 6

Louis Pasteur

Answer 6

-Disproved spontaneous generation in 1864
Experiment:
-3 flasks
—straight neck, crooked neck, and a crooked neck flask that was broken after a week
—straight neck turned cloudy in a week

Question 7

Other accomplishments by Pasteur

Answer 7

• Germ theory: connected specific organisms to specific diseases
• Helped save: wine industry and silk worms
• Systematic development of vaccination for:
• –>chicken cholera, anthrax, rabies

Question 8

Robert Koch

Answer 8

• 1884

- pure culture of a “causative organism”

Question 9

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 9

1) Identify: only the causative organism
-only in the sick organisms
2) Isolate: the causative organism from sick animals & grow in culture
3) Inoculate: inject a healthy animal w/ causative organism
Repeat 2 & 3

Question 10

Koch and Plague

Answer 10

Plague- appeared and disappeared
- Black Death
- Fleas on black mice carried the causative organism
Late 1800s steamship travel became common, spread plague to new world
- Koch’s students found causative organism & mode of transmission

Question 11

Chamberlain & Ceramic Filter

Answer 11

1884

Used to keep bacteria and liquid separate

Question 12

Beijerinck and Plant Infection

Answer 12

1889
Filtrate was infectious-means it is a virus b/c viruses are smaller than bacteria and can therefore pass through the filter

TMV ( Tabasco mosaic virus), toxic to tabacco and other plants, planters rinsed there hands with milk to stop spreading it

Question 13

Peyton Rous

Answer 13

1916

Chickens with tumors on their legs