disease and immune system Flashcards
define disease
a condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism
define pathogen
an organism that causes disease
these can include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protoctista
give 3 examples of bacterium diseases
TB
bacterial meningitis
ring rot
give 3 examples of viruses
HIV
influenza
tobacco mosaic virus
give 3 examples of fungi
black sigatoka
ringworm
athlete’s foot
give 2 examples of protoctist
potato/tomato late blight
malaria
give 3 examples of direct transmission
direct contact
inoculation
indigestion
give 3 examples of indirect transmission
vectors
droplets
fomites
give 3 examples of different bacteria shapes
rod
spherical
comma
summarise TB
infect humans, deers and badgers
suppresses immune system and damages lung tissue
treated by antibiotics and vaccinations
summarise bacterial meningitisis
infects the brain and spreads through the body and can cause spetisima
vaccinations and antibiotics
summarise ring rot
infects potatoes and tomatoes
gram positive bacteria
damages the leaves and fruit
summarise viruses
smaller than bacteria
consist of only genetic material DNA/RNA
non-living
acellular
only replicate inside host cells
summarise HIV structure
caspid (outer protein layer)
core (genetic material)
envelope (extra outer layer made out of lipids from host cell)
protein attachments (virus to attach to T helper cells)
summarise HIV becoming a viral disease
uses attachment proteins to attach onto T helper cells
protein capsule fuses onto T cell helper membrane allowing RNA and enzyme to enter
enzyme will help to copy viral RNA into DNA
T helper cells make viral protiens
summarise infleunza
infects ciliated cells in gaseous surfaces, kills cells and leads to secondary diseases/infection
elderly, children and low immunity are more at risk
tobacco mosaic virus
damage to leaves (mosaic pattern), affect photosynthesis, affect growth
no cure, resistant pkant strain
summarise malaria
mosquitoes (vectors) bite and take blood
reproduce sexually and asexually
infect blood cells, liver and brain
no vaccine or cure
summarise potato blight
fungus like
hyphae enter plants and cause damage to leaves and fruit
no cure, resistant strain
fungi
eukaryotes
mainly in plants
multicellular/ unicelullar
release enzymes which digest hosts tissue and feed of it
summarise black sigotoka
infects bananas
hyphae cause damage to leaves, turn black, affect photosynthesis, affects plant growth
fungicides kill fungus
resistant strains developed
summarise ring worm
white crusty surface on skin
itching and discomfort
summarise athlete’s foot
humans only
ringworm
thrives in warm,damp regions
kin cracks
anti-fungal creams
how do hot climates mkae transmission more likely
increased temperature more kinetic energy for chemical reactions and reproduction
how does social factors make transmission more likely
fewer sewage treatemnts, poor sanitation, overcrowding, less medical help available
give 2 examples of physical responses to pathogens that plants have
bark
waxy cuticle
