Disease and defence Flashcards
-Immunological response -antigens & antibodies -types of immunity -active and passive immunity &vaccination -other natural defence mechanisms -monoclonal antibodies
define “immunity”
the ability to resist injury by poisons, foreign proteins and invading parasites due to the presence of antibodies
define “antigen“
a substance, that when introduced into the tissue or blood activates the immune system which is induced to form antibodies
define “antibody”
a protein produced by certain cells in the body in the presence of a specific antigen
what is the role of “B-lymphocytes”?
responsible for making antibodies
what is the role of “T-lymphocytes”?
cellular immunity & regulation of numeral response by the B-lymphocytes
define “clone”
population of genetically identical cells formed by mitosis
what is the role of “killer T-cells”?
- attack and destroy invading cells
- secret lymphokines which increases the population of T-cells
- secretes interferons which inhibits viral replication
role of “Amplifier T-cells”
stimulate helper T-cells &suppress T-cells and B-cells
role of “Helper T-cells”
- induce and amplify antibody production
- secret lymphokine that stimulates multiplication of killer T-cells
role of “Suppressor T-cells”
damp down some activities
what does “sensitised” mean?
when an antigen binds to the antigen receptor on the T-cell
role of “Plasma B-cells”
secrete antibodies into the circulation
role of “Memory B-cells”
programmed to remember specific antigen for rapid response
what makes antibodies different from one another?
binding sites in the variable portion of the antibody is for a specific antigen
define “immunoglobulin”
they are antibodies which are synthesized in response to the presence of a specific antigen
