Discussion Final

Question 1

How does smoke exposure affect Mariposa gray leaf manzanita?

Answer 1

Encourages new growth and increased berry production.

Question 2

How does fire use affect water supply and quality?

Answer 2

Encourages new growth that increase capacity of roots to hold water, increasing water level in the soil.

Question 3

How do redwood trees alter their environment?

Answer 3

Form a cooler and more moist microclimate in the shade of their branches, and dense branches protect understory from wind.

Question 4

Why do sun leaves tend to have deeper lobes than shade leaves?

Answer 4

Smaller boundary layer and more efficient cooling.

Question 5

What phyllotaxy does a plant have if if takes 2 full turns to cover 5 leaves in one iteration of a spiral?

Answer 5

2/5

Question 6

What defines a whorled leaf arrangement?

Answer 6

Leaves form in layers.

Question 7

What is the primary conductive element in vascular tissue of conifers?

Answer 7

Tracheids

Question 8

The goal of cultural burning.

Answer 8

Manage the land for production of cultural resources (food, medicine, basketry materials)

Question 9

Plants that grow on other plants but are not parasitic.

Answer 9

Epiphytes

Question 10

What are differences in the leaf orientations on branches in the sun and branches in the shade? What explains these differences?

Answer 10

Branches in the shade have larger leaves growing in a horizontal plane to maximize light capture. Branches in the sun tend to have densely packed smaller leaves that minimize self-shading.

Question 11

What vascular tissue elements are unique to angiosperms?

Answer 11

Vessels and fibers

Question 12

Are vessels more or less efficient than tracheids?

Answer 12

More

Question 13

What defines an alternate leaf arrangement?

Answer 13

Leaves form in a staggered pattern.

Question 14

Phyllotaxy

Answer 14

Arrangement of leaves on a stem

Question 15

Arrangement of leaves on a stem

Answer 15

Phyllotaxy

Question 16

How do tracheids connect to one another?

Answer 16

Pits

Question 17

Lianas

Answer 17

Woody vines that grow in tropical rainforests.

Question 18

Why do longer shoots have longer vessels?

Answer 18

Elongation

Question 19

Are vessels longer or shorter than tracheids?

Answer 19

Shorter.

Question 20

What element of vascular tissue is unique to conifer wood?

Answer 20

Resin ducts

Question 21

What angle do consecutive leaves on a stem tend to form?

Answer 21

~137

Question 22

What is the primary conductive element of vascular tissues in angiosperms?

Answer 22

Vessels

Question 23

What defines an opposite leaf arrangement?

Answer 23

Leaves form opposite from one another.

Question 24

How do vessels connects to one another?

Answer 24

Perforation plates

Question 25

What are some characteristics of redwoods that allow them to survive in their native environment?

Answer 25

Redwoods grow in moist, cool, foggy environments with occasional fire.

Fire resistant bark, leaves absorb moisture from fog, can resprout from base after fires.

Question 26

Do trees from wet or dry climates tend to have hydrophobic leave? Why?

Answer 26

Wet climates, to prevent staying wet for too long.

Question 27

Why are sun leaves smaller than shade leaves?

Answer 27

Prioritize reducing water loss over light capture.

Question 28

Why do trees from humid climates tend to have longer vessels than ones from arid climates?

Answer 28

Trees in arid climates have shorter vessels to reduce the risks of embolisms. Trees from humid climates do not face the same risks of embolism, so develop longer vessels that prioritize efficient transport.

Question 29

Are the tops or bottoms of leaves more likely to be hydrophilic? Why?

Answer 29

Tops, as stomata are on the bottoms of leaves so it is better to be more hydrophobic on the bottom.

Question 30

Woody vines that grow in tropical rainforests.

Answer 30

Lianas

Question 31

Do trees from humid or arid climates tend to have longer vessels?

Answer 31

Humid

Question 32

What soil conditions do redwood seeds need to germinate?

Answer 32

Forest floor cleared from litter, facilitated by occasional fire or flooding.

Question 33

Epiphytes

Answer 33

Plants that grow on other plants but are not parasitic.

Question 34

What are three major characteristics of sun leaves compared to shade leaves?

Answer 34

Sun leaves are thicker, lighter in color, and smaller.

Question 35

For lobed leaves, do sun leaves tend to have deeper or shallower lobes?

Answer 35

Deeper

Question 36

The goal of prescribed burning.

Answer 36

Clear fuel load

Question 37

Why are sun leaves lighter in color than shade leaves?

Answer 37

Less chlorophyll is needed to capture light.

Question 38

Why are sun leaves thicker than shade leaves?

Answer 38

Thicker leaves can pack more photosynthetic cells to capture light.

Question 39

Do longer or shorter shoots tend to have longer vessels?

Answer 39

Longer shoots