Discussion Final Flashcards
How does smoke exposure affect Mariposa gray leaf manzanita?
Encourages new growth and increased berry production.
How does fire use affect water supply and quality?
Encourages new growth that increase capacity of roots to hold water, increasing water level in the soil.
How do redwood trees alter their environment?
Form a cooler and more moist microclimate in the shade of their branches, and dense branches protect understory from wind.
Why do sun leaves tend to have deeper lobes than shade leaves?
Smaller boundary layer and more efficient cooling.
What phyllotaxy does a plant have if if takes 2 full turns to cover 5 leaves in one iteration of a spiral?
2/5
What defines a whorled leaf arrangement?
Leaves form in layers.
What is the primary conductive element in vascular tissue of conifers?
Tracheids
The goal of cultural burning.
Manage the land for production of cultural resources (food, medicine, basketry materials)
Plants that grow on other plants but are not parasitic.
Epiphytes
What are differences in the leaf orientations on branches in the sun and branches in the shade? What explains these differences?
Branches in the shade have larger leaves growing in a horizontal plane to maximize light capture. Branches in the sun tend to have densely packed smaller leaves that minimize self-shading.
What vascular tissue elements are unique to angiosperms?
Vessels and fibers
Are vessels more or less efficient than tracheids?
More
What defines an alternate leaf arrangement?
Leaves form in a staggered pattern.
Phyllotaxy
Arrangement of leaves on a stem
Arrangement of leaves on a stem
Phyllotaxy
How do tracheids connect to one another?
Pits
Lianas
Woody vines that grow in tropical rainforests.
Why do longer shoots have longer vessels?
Elongation
Are vessels longer or shorter than tracheids?
Shorter.
What element of vascular tissue is unique to conifer wood?
Resin ducts
What angle do consecutive leaves on a stem tend to form?
~137
What is the primary conductive element of vascular tissues in angiosperms?
Vessels
What defines an opposite leaf arrangement?
Leaves form opposite from one another.
How do vessels connects to one another?
Perforation plates
What are some characteristics of redwoods that allow them to survive in their native environment?
Redwoods grow in moist, cool, foggy environments with occasional fire.
Fire resistant bark, leaves absorb moisture from fog, can resprout from base after fires.
Do trees from wet or dry climates tend to have hydrophobic leave? Why?
Wet climates, to prevent staying wet for too long.
Why are sun leaves smaller than shade leaves?
Prioritize reducing water loss over light capture.
Why do trees from humid climates tend to have longer vessels than ones from arid climates?
Trees in arid climates have shorter vessels to reduce the risks of embolisms. Trees from humid climates do not face the same risks of embolism, so develop longer vessels that prioritize efficient transport.
Are the tops or bottoms of leaves more likely to be hydrophilic? Why?
Tops, as stomata are on the bottoms of leaves so it is better to be more hydrophobic on the bottom.
Woody vines that grow in tropical rainforests.
Lianas
Do trees from humid or arid climates tend to have longer vessels?
Humid
What soil conditions do redwood seeds need to germinate?
Forest floor cleared from litter, facilitated by occasional fire or flooding.
Epiphytes
Plants that grow on other plants but are not parasitic.
What are three major characteristics of sun leaves compared to shade leaves?
Sun leaves are thicker, lighter in color, and smaller.
For lobed leaves, do sun leaves tend to have deeper or shallower lobes?
Deeper
The goal of prescribed burning.
Clear fuel load
Why are sun leaves lighter in color than shade leaves?
Less chlorophyll is needed to capture light.
Why are sun leaves thicker than shade leaves?
Thicker leaves can pack more photosynthetic cells to capture light.
Do longer or shorter shoots tend to have longer vessels?
Longer shoots
