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Oceanography - Physics > discussion > Flashcards

discussion Flashcards

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1
Q

what is heat capacity

A

the energy required per unit mass per unit temperature rise

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2
Q

why is the heat capacity of water so high

A

hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

how is temperature different from heat

A

heat is energy

temperature is the response to input of energy

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4
Q

how much does salinity change throughout the ocean

A

34.3-36.0 pp thousand

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5
Q

what makes the ocean more or less salty

A

precipitation/run off

evaporation

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6
Q

what are the main properties that determine the density of seawater

A

salinity
temperature
pressure

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7
Q

where in the ocean is the water densest

A

at the bottom, below pycnocline/thermocline

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8
Q

what influences water movement

A

water flows around density surfaces

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9
Q

what is the deepest penetrating wavelength of light

A

blue

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10
Q

what is the most efficient way to transmit waves

A

soundwaves

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11
Q

why are soundwaves more efficient

A

not absorbed by water molecules- travel fast as molecules packed together

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12
Q

looking down on the north pole which direction does the planet spin

A

anticlockwise

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13
Q

why is earth not a perfect sphere

A

centrifugal force changes the effective gravity

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14
Q

if a ball is travelling northward in the southern hemisphere, which direction does the Coriolis force defect the ball

A

west

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15
Q

what is the path of a ball in the southern hemisphere

A

circles

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16
Q

what forces balance leasing to the net southward flow of the California current

A

wind stress, pressure gradient

17
Q

what does it mean to be in geostrophic balance

A

forces are balanced between wind stress and coriolis

18
Q

what is Ekman transport

A

the net movement of water in geostrophic balance

19
Q

if the wind blows clockwise around Antartica what is the net flow of water and why

A

clockwise

geostrophic balance of wind, Coriolis and pressure gradient

20
Q

does the gulf stream carry more of less heat than the Californian current

A

more

21
Q

if the oceans circulate around the edges of the boundaries, what happens to the water in the ocean basin

A

subduction in ocean gyres

22
Q

where is water brought from to replace surface water at the edges of ocean basins

A

water from deep ocean

23
Q

where are the worlds more productive fisheries

A

upwelling is greatest

24
Q

what are the main forces that causes tides

A

gravitational force from moon and sun

25
Q

why are there two tidal bulges on opposite sides of the earth

A

inertia

centrifugal force

26
Q

why don’t all coasts get 2 high and low tides per day

A

moon changes angle relative to the earth
moon and sun move quickly so cannot reach equilibrium
continents block way
amphidromic pints

27
Q

what is the primary force causing surface waves

A

wind

28
Q

what are the primary restoring force for most waves

A

gravity

29
Q

name a short wavelength wave

A

capillary

30
Q

name a long wavelength wave

A

tidal
tsunami
seiche
seismic

31
Q

when is a wave deep

A

wavelength smaller than depth of ocean

speed proportional to depth

32
Q

when is a wave shallow

A

wavelength longer than depth

speed proportional to wavelength

33
Q

how does the length and speed of internal waves differ from surface waves

A

longer wavelength

slower as a smaller density difference

34
Q

what generates internal waves

A

breaking on continental slope

35
Q

hydrogen bonds are important to the ocean because they affect

A

the heat capacity of water
the ability of water to dissolve salts
the surface tension at the surface ocean

36
Q

the ocean surface over a deep ocean

A

dips

37
Q

a southward blowing wind off the west coast of California makes the surface water move

A

offshore

38
Q

the geostrophic current along Californian coast goes

A

south

39
Q

the time interval between successive high tides is not exactly 12 hours at most ports because

A

the moon orbits around the Earth while the Earth is rotating on its own axis

Oceanography - Physics (1 decks)

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