Discovery - Tools Flashcards
What are the tools of discovery? What rules?
- R.26 initial disclosures
- R.33 interrogatories
- R.34 requests for production of documents
- R.24/R.26 electronic discovery
- R.30 oral depositions
- R.35 physical and mental examinations
- R.36 requests for admissions
- R.45 subpoena
When must initial disclosures be made?
Within 14 days after meet and confer, unless altered by agreeement
What are the two delay buttons for initial disclosures?
- Parties agree to delay
2. Court may order delay
How does a court order a delay for initial disclosures?
Determined by
- reason to delay
- strength of motion
What is included in initial disclosures?
- identifying information of parties/witnesses
- documents which may support claim/defense of disclosing party
- computation of damages
- insurance agreement
What is initial disclosures limited to?
What is most favorable to party’s own claim/defense
Is supplementation required? When?
Yes, at later appropriate intervals
What happens for failure to make required disclosures?
Self-executing sanction
Interrogatories: rule
R.33
Interrogatories: request of
any other party
Interrogatories: form of request
written questions that relate to any matter that may be inquired into under R.26(b)
Interrogatories: form of response
- written answers signed by party
- with specific objections signed by counsel
- served within 30 days after receipt
Interrogatories: limit
25, including all discrete parts (unless parties agree or court grants leave)
How must interrogatories be answered?
With all information available to the party
Can institutional parties be sent interrogatories?
Yes, institutional party must be assigned by responding party and collect information from employees and agents
Requests for production of documents: rule
R.34
Requests for production of documents: request of
any other party, or nonparty by R.45 subpoena duces tecum
Requests for production of documents: form of response
respond to each item with agreement to inspection or specific grounds of objection
Requests for production of documents: limit
no limit
What do request for production of documents target?
Information in the responding party’s possession, custody, or control
Electronic discovery: rule
R.34 for request for documents
R.26 for ESI
ESI
electronically stored information
Electronic discovery: request of
Any other party, nonparty by R.45 subpoena duces tecum
Electronic discovery: form of response
Respond to each item with agreement to inspection or specific grounds of objection
Electronic discovery: limit
No limit in number, but limited in scope by R.26(b)(2)(B)
Who typically bears cost of production?
Producing party
When can cost-shifting be considered?
Undue burden = cost outweighs likely benefits
Factors of undue burden for production
- Needs of case
- Amount in controversy
- Parties’ resources
- Importance of issues at stake in litigation
- Importance of proposed discovery in resolving issues
Procedure for cost-shifting
- Motion to compel filed by requesting party
- Motion for protective order filed by responding party
- Litigation hold - all discovery cannot be destroyed
- Court ruling
What can court do in failure to preserve discovery?
May order measure no greater than necessary to cure prejudice
If party acted with intent to deprive, what measure can court order?
- Presume lost info was unfavorable or
- Instruct jury to presume info was unfavorable
- Dismiss case or enter default judgment
Factors of cost-shifting analysis
- Extent to which request is specifically tailored to discover relevant information
- Availability of such information from other sources
- Total cost of production compared to amount in controversy
- Total cost of production compared to resources available to each party
- Relative ability of each party to control costs and incentive to do so
- Importance of issues at stake in litigation
- Relative benefits of parties obtaining info
Oral depositions: request of
Any other party, any non-imprisoned non-party with R.45 subpoena
What is the requirement to orally depose a non-party?
Must be within 100 miles of residence, workplace, or place of regular business by R.45
Oral depositions: form of request
- Written notice to parties of deponent info
- Specifying time, place, and method of recording
- Could attach R.34 request for production of documents
Oral depositions: form of response
- Opposing counsel may be present at depositions
2. Opposing counsel may object - objections other than privileged material will be noted and preserved
Can oral depositions be used in trial?
Only under limited circumstances
Oral depositions: limit
- 10, unless parties agree or court grants leave
2. lasting 1 day of 7 hours
Physical and mental examinations: rule
R.35
What do physical and mental examinations require? Why?
Court order because of concerns for privacy
When is a court order for physical and mental examinations required?
Order available only
- as to conditions in controversy
- on showing of good cause
Requests for admission: rule
R.36
Requests for admission: request of
Any other party (no non-parties)
Requests for admission: form of request
- Written request
2. Accompanied by document if requesting authentication
Requests for admission: form of response
- Answer within 30 days after service
2. With specified denial, admission, or objection
What is the benefit of request for admission?
Spares time/expense of authenticating document or specific factual admissions in trial
Requests for admission: limit
No
What is the result of admission (in request for admission)?
Conclusively established
If not admitted, how must party reply (in request for admission)
State denial with specificity
Are partial admissions/denials allowed in requests for admission?
Yes
Subpoena: rule
R.45
Subpoena: request of
Any other party, or nonparty with 100 miles of his home, workplace, or regular place of in-person business transactions
Subpoena: form of request
- Include issuing court, title and number of action
- Specify time, place, and included obligations
- Can include request for production of documents by subpoena duces tecum
Subpoena: form of response
Can be quashed or modified
Subpoena: limit
No
Can interrogatories be answered by presenting documents that contain answer instead of searching documents and writing answer?
Yes
How can interrogatories be answered?
- In writing
2. By presenting relevant documents