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Discovery Of Diamonds And Gold Flashcards

1
Q

When was the discovery of gold

A

1886

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2
Q

Where are the 2 places in which diamond was discovered

A 
Vaal river (Northern Cape)
Kimberly
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3
Q

Which 2 places were gold discovered

A

Gauteng

Mpumalanga

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4
Q

When was gold discovered in Gauteng?

A

1886

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5
Q

What is the name of a bought piece of land in which you mine?

A

Claim

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6
Q

What type of mining needs huge machines?

A

Deep-level mining

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7
Q

When the south african diggers became miners, they were no longer…

A

Self sufficient

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8
Q

When was the dicovery of Diamonds?

A

1867

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9
Q

What 2 discovereies lead to the industrial revolutions in South Africa?

A

The discovery of Gold and diamonds

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10
Q

What type of economy were we before the industrial revolution

A

An agricultural economy

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11
Q

What type of economy were we after the industrial revolution?

A

An industrialized, urban economy

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12
Q

True or false. Africans had been mining for many centuries

A

True

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13
Q

What is needed for deep-level mining?

A

Huge machines

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14
Q

What did these african diggers become after the wealthy companies bought all the claims

A

Labourers/miners

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15
Q

True or false. Large amounts of gold were found in Mpumalanga

A

False

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16
Q

What were the main towns that sprung up

A

Kimberly, Johannesburg

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17
Q

What are the 3 examples of urbanisation that happened in Kimberly and Johannesburg

A

Shops,
Railways
Banks

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18
Q

What did the British want to do with South Africa?

A

The British wanted to take control of South Afrcica

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19
Q

Did the Industrial revolution cause the Anglo Boer/South African War?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What did the government do to force the miners to become wage earners? (2)

A

The Government took away there land and forced them to pay taxes

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21
Q

Were the miners still self sufficient?

A

No

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22
Q

Did the people want to work on mines or commercial farms?

A

No

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23
Q

What were the unskilled workers hired as?

A

Contract workers

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24
Q

What was required as a contract worker?

A

They had to work a fixed amount of time (6 or 12 months) on the contract before they could go home

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25
What is the definition of a migrant worker?
Workers that move from rural areas to cities to find jobs
26
What law for black workers was implemented?
The Pass Law
27
When was the pass law implemented
1923
28
What did these passes contain
Personal info and employment history
29
What were these passes known as (slang)
Dompas/dumb pass
30
What happened if they were found without there passes?
They were imprisoned for a minimum of 30 days
31
What did the passes enable the government to control
The movement of blacks outside their designated homeland areas.
32
Where were diamonds first discovered?
The Cape
33
Where was gold first discovered?
The transvaal
34
What were the conditions like in the reserves
Bad
35
What type of jobs did people get in the cities (2)
They got jobs in the factories and as domestic workers
36
True or false. People who didn't get jobs stayed in the cities
True
37
What caused some people to get richer
Industrialization
38
What 2 things did blacks lose when they moved to the cities?
They lost their independence | Ability to be self Sufficient
39
Did the gap between rich and poor grow bigger or smaller?
Bigger
40
Who controlled most of the diamond mines in Kimberly
Capitalists
41
Which company controlled the diamond mines
De Beers Consolidated Mines
42
Where did deep level mining start
In Witswatersrand
43
Who were the randlords?
A small group of powerful mine owners with experience of Kimberly Diamond mines
44
Give one example of a Randlord
Cecil John Rodes
45
What nationality was Cecil John Rhodes
British
46
Where did the randlords get the capital to control the gold mines from?
From Diamond mining
47
What did the capital and experience increase?
Production
48
When were the chamber of mines formed?
7 December 1887
49
What did the camber of mines do? (4)
served the mining companies Got the mine owners to agree on policies and wages Found workers Dealt with government
50
Who were gold mines important to?
The government
51
True or false. The randlords had government support
True
52
What were mine owners positions in government?
Important positions
53
What could the randlords' positions in government do?
They could influence the change in government policies
54
Whos interests did the chamber of mines look after?
The randlords' interest
55
Did they treat the mine workers fairly? Give an example
False, they neglected their rights
56
What two good things did the Randlords do? (2)
They helped the economy | Created jobs
57
When did 152 000 indentured laboured come to natal
1860s
58
Who came to work in Natal
The In
59
What nationality were the workers
Indian
60
What religion and gender were they
Hindu Males from Madras
61
When was merino sheep farming the most important commercial farming activity
The 19th century
62
Why was merino sheep farming so important
Their wool was a valuable export commodity
63
When were sugar plantations set up in Natal
Mid 19th century (1850s)
64
Why did africans refuse to work on these plantations
They had bad conditions
65
Who instead worked on the farms
The indians
66
What does indentured mean
A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country.
67
How long did the contract last
5 years
68
What three options did they have after completing their contract
1. Do another term of service 2. Stay in Natal for 5yrs, then go home at expense of government 3. Accept a piece of land equivalent to the ticket price back to India
69
Which choice was most popular
Choice 3
70
What jobs did the indians do after completing their contract? (4)
Farming Fishing Domestic service Railway work
71
When did authorities hear that the indians were being mistreated
1871
72
What did the authorities do in the meantime
They stopped indians from coming into natal
73
What did the British government promise. (3)
To stop the whippings (violence) Improve medical services A caretaker
74
Which unfair laws were there for the indians?
They had a curfew of 9 o'clock Badly treated by police Unfair hearings (language bearier)
75
How were the work hours?
Long
76
Where were they kept? (2)
Barns | Barracks
77
What happened to the families?
They were usually separated
78
Did the children and women have to work
Yes
79
What were they treated like
Slaves
80
Did they usually call them by name?
No
81
Where was the chamber of mines formed?
In the central hotel in johannesburg

History (2 decks)

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