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History > Discovery Of Diamonds And Gold > Flashcards

Discovery Of Diamonds And Gold Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the discovery of gold

A

1886

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2
Q

Where are the 2 places in which diamond was discovered

A 
Vaal river (Northern Cape)
Kimberly
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3
Q

Which 2 places were gold discovered

A

Gauteng

Mpumalanga

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4
Q

When was gold discovered in Gauteng?

A

1886

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5
Q

What is the name of a bought piece of land in which you mine?

A

Claim

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6
Q

What type of mining needs huge machines?

A

Deep-level mining

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7
Q

When the south african diggers became miners, they were no longer…

A

Self sufficient

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8
Q

When was the dicovery of Diamonds?

A

1867

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9
Q

What 2 discovereies lead to the industrial revolutions in South Africa?

A

The discovery of Gold and diamonds

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10
Q

What type of economy were we before the industrial revolution

A

An agricultural economy

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11
Q

What type of economy were we after the industrial revolution?

A

An industrialized, urban economy

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12
Q

True or false. Africans had been mining for many centuries

A

True

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13
Q

What is needed for deep-level mining?

A

Huge machines

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14
Q

What did these african diggers become after the wealthy companies bought all the claims

A

Labourers/miners

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15
Q

True or false. Large amounts of gold were found in Mpumalanga

A

False

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16
Q

What were the main towns that sprung up

A

Kimberly, Johannesburg

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17
Q

What are the 3 examples of urbanisation that happened in Kimberly and Johannesburg

A

Shops,
Railways
Banks

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18
Q

What did the British want to do with South Africa?

A

The British wanted to take control of South Afrcica

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19
Q

Did the Industrial revolution cause the Anglo Boer/South African War?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What did the government do to force the miners to become wage earners? (2)

A

The Government took away there land and forced them to pay taxes

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21
Q

Were the miners still self sufficient?

A

No

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22
Q

Did the people want to work on mines or commercial farms?

A

No

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23
Q

What were the unskilled workers hired as?

A

Contract workers

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24
Q

What was required as a contract worker?

A

They had to work a fixed amount of time (6 or 12 months) on the contract before they could go home

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25
Q

What is the definition of a migrant worker?

A

Workers that move from rural areas to cities to find jobs

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26
Q

What law for black workers was implemented?

A

The Pass Law

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27
Q

When was the pass law implemented

A

1923

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28
Q

What did these passes contain

A

Personal info and employment history

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29
Q

What were these passes known as (slang)

A

Dompas/dumb pass

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30
Q

What happened if they were found without there passes?

A

They were imprisoned for a minimum of 30 days

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31
Q

What did the passes enable the government to control

A

The movement of blacks outside their designated homeland areas.

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32
Q

Where were diamonds first discovered?

A

The Cape

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33
Q

Where was gold first discovered?

A

The transvaal

34
Q

What were the conditions like in the reserves

A

Bad

35
Q

What type of jobs did people get in the cities (2)

A

They got jobs in the factories and as domestic workers

36
Q

True or false. People who didn’t get jobs stayed in the cities

A

True

37
Q

What caused some people to get richer

A

Industrialization

38
Q

What 2 things did blacks lose when they moved to the cities?

A

They lost their independence

Ability to be self Sufficient

39
Q

Did the gap between rich and poor grow bigger or smaller?

A

Bigger

40
Q

Who controlled most of the diamond mines in Kimberly

A

Capitalists

41
Q

Which company controlled the diamond mines

A

De Beers Consolidated Mines

42
Q

Where did deep level mining start

A

In Witswatersrand

43
Q

Who were the randlords?

A

A small group of powerful mine owners with experience of Kimberly Diamond mines

44
Q

Give one example of a Randlord

A

Cecil John Rodes

45
Q

What nationality was Cecil John Rhodes

A

British

46
Q

Where did the randlords get the capital to control the gold mines from?

A

From Diamond mining

47
Q

What did the capital and experience increase?

A

Production

48
Q

When were the chamber of mines formed?

A

7 December 1887

49
Q

What did the camber of mines do? (4)

A

served the mining companies
Got the mine owners to agree on policies and wages
Found workers
Dealt with government

50
Q

Who were gold mines important to?

A

The government

51
Q

True or false. The randlords had government support

A

True

52
Q

What were mine owners positions in government?

A

Important positions

53
Q

What could the randlords’ positions in government do?

A

They could influence the change in government policies

54
Q

Whos interests did the chamber of mines look after?

A

The randlords’ interest

55
Q

Did they treat the mine workers fairly? Give an example

A

False, they neglected their rights

56
Q

What two good things did the Randlords do? (2)

A

They helped the economy

Created jobs

57
Q

When did 152 000 indentured laboured come to natal

A

1860s

58
Q

Who came to work in Natal

A

The In

59
Q

What nationality were the workers

A

Indian

60
Q

What religion and gender were they

A

Hindu Males from Madras

61
Q

When was merino sheep farming the most important commercial farming activity

A

The 19th century

62
Q

Why was merino sheep farming so important

A

Their wool was a valuable export commodity

63
Q

When were sugar plantations set up in Natal

A

Mid 19th century (1850s)

64
Q

Why did africans refuse to work on these plantations

A

They had bad conditions

65
Q

Who instead worked on the farms

A

The indians

66
Q

What does indentured mean

A

A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country.

67
Q

How long did the contract last

A

5 years

68
Q

What three options did they have after completing their contract

A
  1. Do another term of service
  2. Stay in Natal for 5yrs, then go home at expense of government
  3. Accept a piece of land equivalent to the ticket price back to India
69
Q

Which choice was most popular

A

Choice 3

70
Q

What jobs did the indians do after completing their contract? (4)

A

Farming
Fishing
Domestic service
Railway work

71
Q

When did authorities hear that the indians were being mistreated

A

1871

72
Q

What did the authorities do in the meantime

A

They stopped indians from coming into natal

73
Q

What did the British government promise. (3)

A

To stop the whippings (violence)
Improve medical services
A caretaker

74
Q

Which unfair laws were there for the indians?

A

They had a curfew of 9 o’clock
Badly treated by police
Unfair hearings (language bearier)

75
Q

How were the work hours?

A

Long

76
Q

Where were they kept? (2)

A

Barns

Barracks

77
Q

What happened to the families?

A

They were usually separated

78
Q

Did the children and women have to work

A

Yes

79
Q

What were they treated like

A

Slaves

80
Q

Did they usually call them by name?

A

No

81
Q

Where was the chamber of mines formed?

A

In the central hotel in johannesburg

History (2 decks)

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