Discover Canada Flashcards
1
Q
What sources does Canadian law have?
A
1)
laws passed by parliament and provincial legislatures
2)
English common law
3)
the civil code of France
4)
the unwritten constitution that is inherited from Great Britain
2
Q
How long back does the tradition of ordered liberty date? Provide the date.
A
Dates back to the signing of Magna Carta in 1215 in England.
3
Q
Magna Carta is also known as…
A
the Great Charter of Freedoms
4
Q
The Great Charter of Freedoms is also known as…
A
Magna Carta
5
Q
What as Magna Carta signed?
A
in 1215
6
Q
What does Magna Carta include?
A
1)
Freedom of conscience and religion;
2)
Freedom of thought, belief, opinion and
expression, including freedom of speech and
of the press;
3)
Freedom of peaceful assembly;
4)
Freedom of association.
7
Q
What is Habeas corpus?
A
- the right to challenge unlawful
detention by the state
8
Q
Where does Habeas corpus come from?
A
English common law.
9
Q
How does ‘the right to challenge unlawful
detention by the state’ dubbed?
A
Habeas corpus
10
Q
When was the Constitution of Canada amended?
A
1982
11
Q
Why was the Constitution of Canada amended?
A
to entrench the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
12
Q
What are the regions of Canada?
A
- Atlantic Provinces
- Central Canada
- Prairie Provinces
- West Coast
- North
13
Q
Name Atlantic Provinces and their capitals
A
- Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John’s)
- Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown)
- Nova Scotia (Halifax)
- New Bronswick (Fredericton)
14
Q
What is the most easterly point of North America?
A
Newfoundland and Labrador
15
Q
Which province has its own time zone?
A
Newfoundland and Labrador
16
Q
What is the oldest colony of the British Empire?
A
Newfoundland and Labrador
17
Q
Which province is the smallest?
A
Prince Edward Island
18
Q
What province is the birthplace of Confederation?
A
Prince Edward Island
19
Q
How is Prince Edward Island connected to mainland Canada?
A
via the Confederation Bridge
20
Q
What is the most populous Atlantic Province?
A
Nova Scotia
21
Q
What is Canada’s largest east coast port?
A
Halifax
22
Q
What is Canada’s largest naval base?
A
Halifax
23
Q
Who founded New Brunswick?
A
United Empire Loyalists
24
Q
Where is the second largest river system on North America’s Atlantic coastline?
A
New Brunswick
25
Which province is the only officially bilingual province?
New Brunswick
26
Where does more than half people in Canada live?
Central Canada
27
What province is the industrial and manufacturing heartland?
Central Canada
28
What province produces more that three-quaters of all Canadian manufactured goods?
Central Canada
29
What is Canada's largest produces of hydro-electricity?
Quebec
30
Which province is cutting-edge in pharmaceuticals and aeronautics?
Quebec
31
What is La Francophonie?
- an association of French-speaking nations
32
Which city is Canada’s second largest city?
Montreal
33
Which city is the largest city in Canada and the country’s main financial centre?
Toronto
34
Which province has the largest Frenchspeaking
| population outside of Quebec?
Ontario
35
Which lake is the largest freshwater lake in the world?
Lake Superior
36
Which Canadian Region has the most fertile farmland?
Prairie Provinces
37
Which province is the largest producer of grains and oilseeds?
Saskatchewan
38
Which city is the home to the training academy of the RCMP?
Regina
39
Which province is Canada's largest producer of oil and gas?
Alberta
40
Which province makes Canada one the world's major beef producers?
Alberta
41
Which port is Canada's largest and busiest?
Vancouver
42
Which province has the most extensive park system in Canada?
B.C.
43
Which region takes one-third of Canada's land?
Northern Territories
44
How are Northern Territories are also called?
Land of the Midnight Sun
45
What is tundra?
the vast rocky Arctic plain
46
Which province/territory predominantly does mining?
Yukon
47
Which province/territory holds the record for the coldest temperature?
Yukon
48
Which city is called 'the diamond capital of North America'?
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
49
In which province, more than half of the population is Aboriginal?
Northwest Territories
50
Which river is second-longest river system in North America?
The Mackenzie River
51
What does 'Nunavut' means in Inuktitut?
'our land'
52
Which language is the official language of Nunavut?
Inuktitut
53
When was the free trade with US enacted?
1988
54
What is NAFTA and which countries it includes?
- North American Free Trading Assoiation
| - Canada, US, Mexico
55
What are the three main types of industry in Canada?
- service
- manufacturing
- natural resources
56
What is the biggest bilateral trading relationship in the world?
Canada-US
57
Which boarder is the largest undefended boarder?
Canada-US
58
What does the crown symbolize?
The government, including Parliament:
- legislatures
- court
- police
- Canadian forces
59
When was the new Canadian flag raised for the first time?
1965
60
Where does the design of Canadian flag stem from?
The flag of the Royal Military College in Kingston
61
What is Canada;s official royal flag?
Union Jack
62
What was Canada's previous flag?
Canadian Red Ensign
63
When did Canada adopt its coat of arms and the motto? What do they mean?
- after WWI
- motto: from sea to sea
- coat of arms: symbols of EN, FR, SC and IR + red maple leaf. Represented on dollar, gov. docs. and public buildings
64
What are Books of Remembrance?
Contain:
the names of soldiers, sailors and airmen who died
serving Canada in wars or while on duty
65
Where are the Books of Remembrance are kept?
In Government building, in Memorial chamber
66
Who first adopted beaver as its symbol?
Hudson's Bay Company
67
When did 'O Canada' became the anthem?
1980
68
What do the honours consist of?
- Medals
- Orders
- Decorations
69
When did Canada start its own honour system?
in 1967, the centennial of Confederation
70
What is Victoria Cross given for?
The most conspicuous bravery
71
What is Canadian Justice system is based on?
Presumption of innocence:
| - everyone is innocent until proven guilty.
72
What is Canadian Legal system is based on?
1) due process
2) democratic principles
3) freedom under law
4) rule of law
73
What is 'due process'?
- the principles that the government should respect all the legal rights the person is entitled to under the law
74
What are the laws intended to do?
1) provide order in the society
2) peacefully settle disputes
3) express values and believes of the Canadians
75
What types of polices are there in Canada?
1) RCMP (established by PM MacDonal after the Metis uprising in 1873):
- - enforces federal laws throughout Canada
- - acts as provincial police everywhere but in Central Canada
2) Provincial police:
- - only in Central Canada
3) Municipal police:
- - in every province
76
What are the three key facts about Canada's system of government?
- federal state
- parliamentary democracy
- constitutional monarchy
77
What does federal state mean?
There are federal, provincial, territorial and municipal
governments in Canada.
The responsibilities of the
federal and provincial governments were defined in
1867 in the British North America Act, now known as
the Constitution Act, 1867.
78
What is federal government responsible for?
* Aboriginal Affairs
* Agriculture (shared)
* Citizenship
* Criminal Justice
* Environment (shared)
* Foreign Policy
* Immigration (shared)
* International Trade
* National Defence
* Policing
79
What is provincial and territorial government responsible for?
• Agriculture (shared)
* Education
* Environment (shared)
* Health Care
* Highways
* Immigration (shared)
* Natural Resources
* Policing (Ontario, Quebec)
* Property and Civil Rights
80
What is municipal government responsible for?
* Emergency Services
* Firefighting
* Policing
* Recycling Programs
* Snow Removal
* Social and Community Health
• Transportation and Utilities
81
What does federal government consist of?
Members of Parliament (MP)
82
What does provincial/territorial government consist of?
1. Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs)
or
2. Members of the National Assembly (MNAs)
or
3. Members of the Provincial Parliament (MPPs)
or
4. Members of the House of Assembly (MHAs)
83
What does municipal government consist of?
* Mayor or Reeve
| * Councillors or Aldermen
84
How do the politicians become cabinet ministers?
- appointed by PM
85
What is the responsibility of cabinet ministers?
- to run the government together with PM
86
What does the Executive branch of Canadian government consist of?
- Sovereign
- PM
- Cabinet Ministers
87
What does the Legislative branch of Canadian government consist of?
- Sovereign
- House of Commons
- Senate
88
What does the Executive branch of Canadian government do?
- implement the laws
89
What does the Legislative branch of Canadian government do?
- make the laws
90
Under what circumstances do Cabinet Ministers have to resign?
If they cannot retain the 'confidence of the House' (if they are defeated in the confidence vote).
91
What is the confidence vote?
When the House of Commons votes on a major issue
such as the budget, this is considered a matter
of confidence.
If a majority of the members of the House of Commons vote against a major government decision, the party in power is defeated, which usually results in the Prime
Minister asking the Governor General, on behalf
of the Sovereign, to call an election.
92
How is the House of Commons assembled?
- made up of the members of the Parliament elected by the people
93
How is the Senate assembled?
Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of Prime minister.
Appointed on the basis of regions.
94
Who is the Premier?
- similar to PM but on the provincial level. In the three territories - the Commissioner.
95
How many electoral districts are there in Canada?
308
96
What is the procedure during an election period?
1. Receive a voter information card.
2. Go to the polling station, bringing vote information card and a piece of ID and address.
3. Mark an X in the circle next to the name of the chosen candidate.
4. Once marked, fold the ballot and present it to the poll official.
5. The poll official will tear off the ballot number and give the ballot back to be deposited in the box.
97
What is the point of voter information card?
It confirms that the voter is in the voter's list.
| It also indicates where the voter should vote.
98
What should one do if the voter information card was never received?
Call the local elections office. Or call Elections Canada in Ottawa.
99
How can the person vote?
- on the day of the elections
or
- at the advance poll
or
- by special ballot
100
What is voter's list?
- official database on Canadian citizens aged over 18 years who are qualified to vote in Canadian elections.
Produced from the National register of Elections.
101
Name the Prairie provinces and their capitals.
- Saskatchewan (Regina)
- Alberta (Edmonton)
- Manitoba (Winnipeg)
102
Name the Westcoast Provinces and their capitals.
B.C. (Vancouver)
103
Name the North Territories and their capitals
- Northwest territories (Yellowknife)
- Yukon (Whitehorse)
- Nunavut (Iqaluit)
104
What is the point of Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
- summarize the freedoms
| - set out additional rights
105
What additional rights are set out in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
- mobility rights
- aboriginal people rights
- official language right and minority language educational rights
- multiculturalism
106
What are the mobility rights?
Canadians can live and
work anywhere they choose in Canada, enter
and leave the country freely, and apply for a
passport.
107
What are the aboriginal people rights?
The rights
guaranteed in the Charter will not adversely
affect any treaty or other rights or freedoms of
Aboriginal peoples.
108
What are the official language rights?
French and
English have equal status in Parliament and
throughout the government.
109
What is multiculturalism?
A fundamental
characteristic of the Canadian heritage and
identity. Canadians celebrate the gift of one
another’s presence and work hard to respect
pluralism and live in harmony.
110
Which two documents guarantee the equality of French and English language?
1.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982):
--- French and English have equal status in Parliament and throughout the government.
2.
Official Languages Act (1969):
--- guarantees French and English services in the federal government across Canada.
111
What is Quebec Act about?
--- To better govern the French Roman Catholic
majority, the British Parliament passed the
Quebec Act of 1774.
--- It is one of the constitutional
foundations of Canada.
1.
accommodated the principles of British
institutions to the reality of the province.
2.
allowed religious freedom for Catholics and
permitted them to hold public office, a practice
not then allowed in Britain.
3.
restored French civil law while maintaining
British criminal law.
112
What is British North America Act about?
Known as Constitution Act, 1867.
--- Canada’s original constitutional document;
--- Established the Dominion of Canada
--- Defined the responsibilities of the
federal and provincial governments
113
What is Constitutional Act?
1791
1.
divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (later Ontario), which
was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking, and Lower Canada (later Quebec), heavily Catholic
and French-speaking.
2.
also granted to the Canadas, for the first time, legislative assemblies elected by the people.
--- The name Canada also became official at this time and has been used ever since.
114
At the end of the 18th century, what was know as British North America?
The Atlantic colonies and the two Canadas.
115
Which provinces were the first to join Confederation?
1867:
- Ontario
- Quebec
- Nova Scotia
- New Brunswick
116
Which territory was the last one to join Confederation?
1999: Nunavut
117
What are the responsibilities of Canadian citizen?
1.
Obeying the law
2.
Taking responsibility for oneself and one’s family
3.
Serving on a jury
4.
Voting in elections
5.
Helping others in the community
6.
Protecting and enjoying our heritage and environment
118
Constitution-wise, how is Canada unique?
--- Inherited the oldest constitution in the world
-- the only Constitutional Monarchy in North America
119
What is Canada's original constitutional document?
British North America Act, 1867.
120
When were Territorial right guaranteed, how and why are they important?
1763, Royal Proclamation by King George III.
--- established the basis for negotiating treaties with new comes.
121
Who is John Buchan?
15th Governor of Canada, said:
| "immigrants groups should retain their individuality and each make its contribution to the national character."
122
When did French colonists start settling in?
1604
123
What is Great Upheaval?
- deportation of Acadians from their homeland during the period of France-Britain war between 1755 and 1763
124
What was recognized in 2006 in relation to QC and by whom?
What:
Quebecers are a nation within a nation.
By whom:
House of Commons.
125
Why is John Cabot important to Canadian history?
He drew the first map of Canada
126
Why is Jacques Cartier important to Canadian history?
The first European to explore St. Lawrence river and set eyes of QC city and Mnt
127
When and where was the first European settlement established?
in 1604, north of Florida, first - St. Groix Island
128
How are Iroquois also known?
Confederation of Five (later Six) First Nations.
129
After the peace of 1701, what did French and Iroquois collaborate on?
Fur trading
130
Why is battle of the Plains of Abraham important?
-- British won over French in 1759 >> the end of France’s empire in America
131
When was the first representative assembly elected and where?
What provinces followed and when?
1.
In Nova Scotia, Halifax, in 1758.
2.
Prince Edward Island, in 1773
3.
New Brunswick, 1785
132
When did the abolition of slavery reached Canada and which part?
1793, Upper Canada, led by John Graves Simcoe.
133
When was the slavery abolished throughout the empire?
1833.
134
When did US invaded Canada?
1812
135
What does responsible government mean?
The ministers of the crown have the support of the majority of the elected representatives in order to govern.
136
When were the upper and lower Canadas united and why?
1840, Province of Canada.
137
Who is the Head of State?
the Sovereign.
| Currently - queen Elizabeth II
138
The name of the representative of the
| Queen of Canada, the Governor General, is...
David Johnston
139
The name of the Leader of the Opposition is...
Rona Ambrose
140
The name of the party representing Her Majesty’s Loyal Opposition is...
Conservative Party
141
The names of the other opposition parties and leaders are...
1.
New Domecratic Party - T. Mulcair
2.
Green Party - E. May
3.
Bloc Quebecois - P. Fortin
142
My member of Parliament in Ottawa is...
Justin Trudeau
143
My federal district is called
Papineau
144
The representative of the Queen in
| my province, the Lieutenant Governor, is....
J. M. Doyon
145
The Head of my provincial Government (the Premier) is...
Philippe Couillard
146
The name of the provincial party in power is...
Liberal Party
147
The name of the municipality where I live is...
Ville de Montreal
148
The name of the head of the municipal government (mayor or reeve) is....
Denis Coderre
149
Who were the United Empire Loyalists?
---- Settlers who came to Canada from the United States during the American Revolution.
---- People loyal to the British Crown.
150
Which province was split into two at Confederation?
The Province of Canada
151
Which was the last province to join Canada?
Newfoundland
152
When is Canada Day and what does it celebrate?
the anniversary of Confederation July 1st of each year
153
When is Sir John A. Macdonald day?
January 11
154
When is Vimy Day
April 9
155
When is Remembrance day?
Nov. 11`
156
The first
| Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada is...
Sir John A. Macdonald
157
What part of the Constitution legally protects the basic rights and freedoms of all Canadians?
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
158
What will you promise when you take the Oath of Citizenship?
1. Pledge allegiance to the Queen,
2. observe the laws of Canada
3. fulfil the duties of a Canadian.
__________________________________
The oath:
```
I swear (or affirm)
That I will be faithful
And bear true allegiance
To Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second
Queen of Canada
Her Heirs and Successors
And that I will faithfully observe
The laws of Canada
And fulfil my duties as a Canadian citizen.
```
159
What is Canadian National Anthem?
```
O Canada! Our home and native land!
True patriot love in all thy sons command
With glowing hearts we see thee rise
The true North strong and free!
From far and wide, O Canada
We stand on guard for thee
God keep our land glorious and free!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee
```
160
What is our Royal Anthem?
```
God save our gracious Queen!
Long live our noble Queen!
God save the Queen!
Send her victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us,
God save the Queen!
```
161
In which region do more than half the people in Canada live?
Central Canada.
162
One third of all Canadians live in which province?
Ontario
163
When did Manitoba and Northwest territories joined Canada?
1870
164
When did B.C. join Canada?
1871
165
What did Yukon become the territory?
1898
166
When did Alberta and Saskatchewan joined Canada?
1905
167
What do you call the Sovereign's representative in the provinces?
Lieutenant-Governor.
168
What do you call a law before it is passed?
a bill
169
Who do Members of Parliament represent?
Everyone who lives in his or her electoral district.
170
How does a bill become a law?
Approval by a majority in the House of Commons and Senate and finally the Governor General.
171
When must federal elections be held?
On the third Monday in October every four years following the most recent general election.
172
Which party becomes the Official Opposition?
The party with the second most MPs.
173
What is the role of the Opposition parties?
To oppose or try to improve government proposals.
174
Who do Canadians vote for in a federal election?
A candidate they want to represent them in Parliament
175
How are Senators chosen?
Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
176
Who was the first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas in 1849?
Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine.
177
How many Canadians have been awarded the Victoria Cross (V.C.), the highest honour available to Canadians?
96
178
What percentage of Aboriginal people are First Nations?
65%
179
What percentage of Aboriginal people are Inuit?
4%
180
What percentage of Aboriginal people are Metis?
30%
181
When did the term 'First Nations' start being used and who did it refer to?
1970s
| to Indians
182
Where do Inuit leave?
Acrocc Arctica
183
Where do Metis leave?
Majority - in Prairie Provinces
184
What is Metis dialect?
Michif
185
What does it mean to say Canada is a constitutional monarchy?
Canada's Head of State is a hereditary Sovereign (Queen or King) who reigns in accordance with the Constitution.
186
Who is considered the father of Manitoba?
Louis Riel
187
Who was Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine?
A champion of democracy and French language rights and the first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas.
188
What is the difference between the role of the Sovereign and that of the Prime Minister?
The Sovereign is
the guardian of Constitutional freedoms.
The Prime Minister
selects the Cabinet ministers and is responsible for operations and policy of government.
189
What was the significance of June 6, 1944 invasion of Normandy?
Canadians made a significant contribution to the defeat of Nazism and Fascism in Europe during the Second World War.
190
Why is the battle of Vimy Ridge important?
Canadian Corps secured its reputation for valour and bravery.
191
Who led Quebec into Confederation?
Sir George-Étienne Cartier
192
Which province was to first to grant voting rights to women?
Manitoba
193
What did the Canadian Pacific Railway symbolize?
Unity
194
Who was Sir George-Étienne Cartier?
- key architect of Confederation from QC
- ally of MacDonald
- helped negotiate the entry of NWT, Manitoba and BC into Canada
195
When were the Metis rebellions against the expansion of the Dominion?
1870 and 1885
196
What is Canadian Expeditionary Force?
Force formed in Ottawa in 1914 to fight in WWI, later known as Canadian Corps.
197
Who was the founder the Women Suffrage movement?
Emily Stowe
198
At the time of the Women Suffrage Movement, who could vote?
Only white property owning males
199
Who were the first women to be able to vote? Who followed?
1st - the nurses at the battle front
2nd - Women related to men in active war
200
Who is Agnes Macphail?
The first woman MP (in 1921).
| Originally farmer and teacher.
201
Who was the first Canadian woman to become MP?
Agnes Macphail.
202
What is British Commonwealth of Nations?
After WWI, British Empire evolved into British Commonwealth of Nations. Canada was the leading member of this organization.
203
What is D Day?
- invasion of Normandy in WWII where Canadians captured Juno Beach from the Germans.
204
What is Official language act?
1969, the act guaranteed French and English services in Federal Government across Canada.
205
What were the three objectives on the Official Language Act?
1.
Equality between French and British in parliament, the Government institutions.
2.
Maintain and develop official language minority communication in Canada.
3.
Promote equality of French and English in Canadian society.
206
Who is Frederick Banting ?
Discoverer of insuline
207
Who is Alexander G. Bell?
Inventor of the phone
208
Who is Joseph A. Bombardier?
Invented snowmobile.
209
Who is Sandfold Fleming?
Inventor of the standardized system of time zones.
210
Who are M. Evans and H. Woodward?
Inventors of the electric light bulbs; sold the patent to Edison.
211
Who is Reginald Fessenden?
Contributed to the invention of radio.
212
Who is dr. Wilder Penfield?
Pioneering brain surgeon at McGill Universtiy.
213
Who is dr. John A Hopps?
Inventor of the first cardiac pacemaker.
214
Who is known as the Greatest Living Canadian and why?
dr. Wilder Penfield - pioneering brain surgeon
