Discourse

Question 1

What does the discourse level include?

Answer 1

Function
Audience
Mode
Structure of text

Question 2

What is discourse structure?

Answer 2

The way in which texts are organised into coherent and cohesive patterns.
Used for written texts

Question 3

What four types of discourse are there?

Answer 3

1. List/instructions
2. Problem - solution
3. Analysis
4. Narrative

Question 4

What is a list/instruction discourse course feature?

Answer 4

Progression through stages

Uses of imperatives to instruct or guide

Question 5

What are the features of a problem-solution discourse?

Answer 5

Identifies a problem

Question 6

What features of analysis discourse are there?

Answer 6

Key ideas are broken down into parts

Evaluates and explores

Question 7

What are the features of a narrative discourse?

Answer 7

Details series of events

Chronological or non-chronological

Question 8

Examples of lists/instructions?

Answer 8

Recipes, instructions, guides

Question 9

Examples of problem-solution?

Answer 9

Product advertisements

Question 10

Examples of analysis discourse?

Answer 10

Academic articles

Newspaper editorials

Question 11

Examples of narrative discourse

Answer 11

Novels

Witness accounts

Question 12

Who put forward a structure of oral narratives?

Answer 12

William Labov, a sociolinguist

Question 13

What are the six narrative categories?

Answer 13

Abstract 
Orientation
Complicating action
Resolution
Evaluation
Coda

Question 14

What is abstract category?

Answer 14

Indication the narrative is about to start and the speaker wants the listeners attention

Question 15

What’s the orientation catergory?

Answer 15

The who, what, where, when and why that sets the scene to give contextual information

Question 16

What is the complicating action category?

Answer 16

Main body giving lots of narrative detail

Question 17

What is the resolution category?

Answer 17

The final events that ‘round off’ giving the narrative closure

Question 18

What’s the evaluation category?

Answer 18

Additions to the basic story that highlights attitudes or to gain the listeners attention at key moments

Question 19

What is the coda category?

Answer 19

A sign the narrative is complete

Question 20

Define external evaluations

Answer 20

Added by the narrator at the time of recounting and aren’t part of the sequence of events

Question 21

What are internal evaluations?

Answer 21

Occur at the same time as the complicating actions and can be divided into two types

Question 22

Define both types of internal evaluation

Answer 22

Intensifying evaluation - contributing to vividness through gestures or repetitions or dramatic sounds (ouch)

Explorative evaluation - providing reasons for narrative events (Fred annoyed his mum, because he was always noisy)

Question 23

Define exchange structure

Answer 23

A series of turns between speakers

Question 24

Define turn taking

Answer 24

Sharing of speaking roles that is usually cooperative

Question 25

What is the use of conversational analysis?

Answer 25

Is provides a framework when looking at multi-speaker discourse

Question 26

Define initiation-response-feedback

Answer 26

A three part structure in speech that allows the first speaker to feed back on the reply the second speaker gives

Question 27

What is insertion sequence?

Answer 27

An additional sequence in an exchange structure

Question 28

Explain a transition relevance point

Answer 28

A point at which it is natural for another speaker to have their turn

Question 29

Explain the link between topic management and powerful participants

Answer 29

The decision of what is talked about is topic management and is a result of the powerful participant applying constraints on what is being said. Often used with interruptions