Discourse Flashcards
Name the 10 key terms in the Pink Level
- Discourse markers
- Adjuncts
- Disjuncts
- Narrative structures
- Anaphoric reference
- Cataphoric reference
- Exophoric reference
- Endophoric reference
- Interdiscursivity (or intertextuality)
- Critical discourse analysis
Define ‘discourse markers’
Words, phrases, or clauses that help to organise what we say or write
Give 7 examples of discourse markers
- Well
- Okay
- So
- As I was saying…
- Moreover
- In conclusion
- You know
Define ‘adjuncts’
Non-essential elements of clauses (usually adverbials) that can be omitted
Give examples of
- An adverbial adjunct
- An adnominal adjunct
- I’ll see you in the morning
- the discussion before the game
Define ‘disjuncts’
Sentence adverbs that work to to express an attitude or stance towards material that follows
Give two examples of disjuncts
- Frankly, I’m appalled at what she said
- Sadly, not one of them survived
Define ‘narrative structures’
How events, actions, and processes are sequenced when recounting a story
What are the 4 main categories of narratives?
- Linear
- Non-linear
- Interactive narrative
- Interactive narration
Define ‘interactive narrative’
A form of fiction in which users are able to make choices that influencing the narrative (e.g. through alternative plots or resulting in alternative endings) through their actions.
Define ‘interactive narration’
Works where the linear narrative is driven by, rather than influenced by, the users interaction.
Define ‘anaphoric reference’
Making reference back to something previously identified in the text (often using pronouns to refer to an already established reference point)
Give an example of an anaphoric reference
The woman stood by the door. She made detailed notes of what she could see.
Define ‘cataphoric reference’
Making reference forwards to something as yet unidentified in a text
Giv an example of a cataphoric reference
It was warm. It was living. It was a rabbit.
Define ‘exophoric reference’
(+ example)
Making reference to things beyond the language of a text itself, perhaps within a speakers immediate physical context (e.g. look at that)
Define ‘endophoric reference’
(+ example)
Making reference to things within a text
(does same thing as anaphoric references e.g. ‘I saw Sally yesterday. She was lying on the beach’ )
Define ‘interdiscursivity’
The use of discourses from one field as part of another
Give an example of interdiscursivity
The use of science discourses in the selling of beauty products (vitamin D), or the use of sporting dicourses in eduction (final sprint)
Define ‘critical discourse analysis’
The use of linguistic analysis to challenge and explore the ideologies, positions, and values of texts and their producers
(lit essays basically)
Give 4 examples of discourse structure
- A question and answer format
- Problem-solution structure
- Narrative structure
- Adjecency pairs in a spoken interaction
Define ‘adjacency pairs’
An adjacency pair is a unit of conversation that contains an exchange of one turn each by two speakers. The turns are functionally related to each other in such a fashion that the first turn requires a certain type or range of types of second turn.
Give 2 examples of adjacency pairs
- Greeting-greeting pair
- Question-answer pair
What are anaphoric, cataphoric, and endophoric references examples of?
Cohesion
