Disclosure Flashcards

1
Q

When do the disclosure rules in part 31 not apply?

A

Small claims track

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2
Q

How is a document disclosed?

A

By a party stating that it exists

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3
Q

When is the right to inspect a disclosed document limited?

A

(i) when the party who disclosed it no longer controls it
(ii) the party who disclosed it has a right to withhold it
(iii) the party who disclosed it thinks that a category or class of documents would be disproportionate to disclose, and they make a disclosure statement to that effect

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4
Q

When does standard disclosure apply?

A

multi- and intermediate track claims which do not include PI

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5
Q

Under standard disclosure, when must list and disclosure be completed?

A

Not less than 14 days before the first CMC

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6
Q

When must the parties seek agreement about the scope of any disclosure order?

A

Not less than 7 days before CMC

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7
Q

What is the test for disclosure under standard disclosure?

A

Party must disclose:

documents on which they rely
and
documents which:
(a) adversely affect their own case
(b) adversely affect another party’s case
(c) support another party’s case

and anything required by PDs

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8
Q

Does a document that does not adversely affect a case, but may indicate lines of inquiry toward that which would fall to be disclosed?

A

No

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9
Q

What are the four categories of documents relevant to disclosure?

A

(i) parties’ own documents
(ii) adverse documents
(iii) relevant documents
(iv) train of inquiry documents

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10
Q

Which two categories of documents fall to be disclosed under standard disclosure

A

(i) parties own documents
(ii) adverse documents

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11
Q

How should the test of adversely affecting be judged?

A

Against the statement of case

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12
Q

What is the test for redaction of information in a document?

A

Same as standard disclosure

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13
Q

What is the duty of search?

A

Under standard disclosure, a party must make a reasonable search for documents.

If a search is not conducted as it is deemed to be unreasonable, the party’s disclosure statement should say so

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14
Q

What documents is it a party’s duty to disclose, assuming they pass the disclosure test?

A

Those which are, or have been in their control

That is, those documents which it has:
(a) physical control over
(b) right to possession of
(c) right to inspection of

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15
Q

What must be included in standard disclosure?

A

A list stating of docs and a short description which indicates which are withheld and which are no longer in the party’s control

and

a disclosure statement

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16
Q

What is in a disclosure statement

A

It sets out

The extent of the search
certifies that the duty of disclosure is understood
certifies that this duty has been carried out

sets out why docs are withheld or were not searched for

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17
Q

When does the duty of disclosure end?

A

It continues throughout proceedings

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18
Q

If a document is mentioned in a statement of case, witness statement or experts report can it be inspected?

A

Yes -

though this may be subject to a proportionality exercise (only likely to be disproportionate in an experts report as there are so many docs mentioned

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19
Q

What is the procedure if a party wishes to inspect a disclosed document?

A

It must given written notice of this wish

Inspection must be permitted not more than 7 days after service of the request

If a copy is requested this must be supplied within 7 days, subject to the party paying reasonable copying costs

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20
Q

What is the consequence of failing to disclose of permit inspection?

A

The document may not be relied on by that party

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21
Q

What is the consequence of making a false disclosure statement?

A

Contempt of court proceedings may be brought against you

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22
Q

Can the procedure for standard disclosure be varied by agreement between the parties?

A

Yes - by written agreement which is filed with the court

23
Q

What is an order for specific disclosure?

A

An order to either:
(a) disclose docs or classes of docs specified in the order
(b) carry out a search to the extent of the order
(c) disclose any documents located as a result of the search

24
Q

What is an order for specific inspection?

A

An order for a party to allow inspection of a document that was considered disproportionate to allow inspection of by the party disclosing it

25
When can an application for specific disclosure or inspection be made?
At any stage of proceedings
26
What is relevant to the exercise of the court's discretion to order disclosure?
Overriding objective Docs must be relevant and in the party's control
27
If a document is disclosed by a party when can it be used for purposes other than the proceedings?
(a) If it has been read to or by the court in public proceedings (b) where the court gives permission (c) where the party who disclosed the doc and the owner of the doc agree This is all subject to the court being able to make an order restricting a documents use
28
When can the court order disclosure before proceedings have been started?
When applicant and respondent are both likely to be parties Where the test for standard disclosure would be met it is desirable to fairly dispose of proceedings, assist ADR or save costs
29
If the court makes an order for pre-action disclosure, what must it state?
Which documents/class of docs should be disclosed require him to list and state which docs are no longer in their control, and which are withheld
30
How should the test for pre-action disclosure be applied?
First - can the court order it (are they both going to be parties, the docs fall within the scope of standard disclosure etc) Second - consider the exercise of discretion
31
What threshold exists for pre-action disclosure in regard to the merits of the claim?
Must have a prima facie case for substantive relief It needs to be properly arguable, but a full assessment of merits is not needed
32
Under what circumstances can the court make an order for disclosure against a non-party when the application is made subject to an enactment?
Can only make the order where: the documents are likely to ("may well") support the case of the applicant or adversely effect another party and disclosure is necessary to fairly dispose of the claim and to save costs. However it is discretionary
33
What is the effect of the Norwich Pharmacal decision?
It compels someone innocent who is caught up in the wrongdoing of another to disclose the wrongdoer's identity so that proceedings can be brought against them
34
What are the four conditions of a Norwich Pharmacal order?
(i) there must have been an arguable wrong committed against the applicant (ii) the respondent must have been mixed up in (read: facilitated in some way) the wrongdoing (iii) the respondent must be able to, or highly likely to be able to, provide the information or documents that will allow the wrongdoer to be pursued (iv) Requiring the order must be necessary and proportionate in the circumstances of the case
35
What types of wrong are covered?
Criminal and civil - contempt, contract breaches, torts, equitable wrong etc
36
When should Norwich Pharmacal be used?
As a last resort - if the information is available in another way (e.g. specific disclosure) then it should be pursued that way
37
Does a Norwich Pharmacal order have to happen in relation to existing proceedings?
No - can be where someone desires to be able to seek redress
38
What defences are available to a Norwich pharmacal application?
Privilege against self-incrimination
39
Whose right is legal professional privilege?
The clients
40
What are the two aspects of legal professional privilege?
Legal advice Litigation
41
Does legal advice privilege end on the client's death, or a companies dissolution?
No
42
What is the test for legal advice privilege?
Was the document or communication made confidentially for the dominant purpose of legal advice
43
When will legal advice privilege not apply?
When communication is fully in the public domain In communication with another party In communication in front of another party
43
Does legal advice privilege apply to communication with foreign lawyers?
Yes
44
What is litigation privilege?
Anything produced in contemplation of, or after proceedings are brought for the intention of the litigation (either advice or evidence) is privileged. Note it must be produced for, not simply used for. Does not need to have been produced by a lawyer to be caught
45
Who can waive privilege ?
The client
46
What can amount to the waiver of privilege?
Broadly question is about fairness- would it be unfair not to disclose the whole doc Is it distinct enough to retain privilege while other parts do not?
47
If privilege is waived over part of a document, is it waived over all of it?
As a general rule, yes. If it can be shown that it is sufficiently distinct then it may not be
48
What is the purpose of protecting without prejudice communications from disclosure?
To help people settle
49
When can without prejudice discussions be admissible?
When the issue is whether a settlement was reached. Can also be admissible to establish the construction of an agreement to rebut an allegation of fraud
50
Do the words "without prejudice" need to be on the communication?
No - if it is a discussion between the parties for the purpose of settling the dispute, it is not admissible.
51
Can negotiations change from without prejudice to open?
Yes - but the party making the change must make this change sufficiently clear to the other party
52
What power does the court have to limit disclosure of documents if they would damage the public interest?
Can give an order if a person applies for one
53
What happens if inadvertently a privileged document is allowed to be inspected ?
The party who inspected it can only rely on it with permission from the court