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DISCIPLINES Flashcards

1
Q

What is linguistics?

A

Linguistics is interdisciplinary in nature, intersecting the humanities with the social sciences as it inquires on the basic element that allows societies to communicate ideas across time and space.

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2
Q

What is the origin of the term ‘linguistics’?

A

The term linguistics was derived from the Latin word lingua, which refers to language.

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3
Q

What is a linguist?

A

Since the late 1500s, individuals who study language have been called linguists.

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4
Q

How does language function?

A

Language allows us to express and understand each other’s thoughts, ideas, and feelings.

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5
Q

How did Robert A. Hall define language?

A

Robert A. Hall defined language as ‘the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory symbols.’

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6
Q

What is the nature of language?

A

Language is strictly a human capacity which allows us to relate complex ideas.

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7
Q

What is the significance of rapid language acquisition in children?

A

It shows that language is commonplace and used with little cognitive effort.

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8
Q

What are the components of linguistics?

A

Linguistics deals with three principal components: sound, structure, and meaning.

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9
Q

What is phonetics?

A

Phonetics studies human speech sound.

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10
Q

What is phonology?

A

Phonology studies the principles governing sound systems of languages.

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11
Q

What is morphology?

A

Morphology studies language structure from its morphic units or root words.

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12
Q

What is syntax?

A

Syntax studies sentence structure such as grammar.

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13
Q

What is semantics?

A

Semantics studies the logic and meanings of words and phrases.

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14
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

Pragmatics studies the use of language and its effects on society.

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15
Q

What is fangwe?

A

Fangwe is the system governing a particular convention of language such as syntax and phonology.

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16
Q

What is parole?

A

Parole is the actual use of the language by an individual.

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17
Q

Who is Noam Chomsky?

A

Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, philosopher, and social justice activist known for his influence on linguistic studies.

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18
Q

What is cohesion in linguistics?

A

Cohesion refers to linguistic links such as pronouns and adjectives which provide a recognizable structure.

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19
Q

What is coherence in discourse?

A

Coherence is the logic within discourse that takes into account our knowledge of the world.

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20
Q

Who was Plato in relation to language?

A

Plato was an early scholar of language whose work, Cratylus, explored the meaning of words by looking into their history.

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21
Q

What is critical discourse analysis?

A

Critical discourse analysis is the study of a text within its social context.

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22
Q

What is a dialect?

A

A dialect is an identifiable regional or social variety of language.

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23
Q

What is discourse?

A

Discourse is any connected piece of speech or writing, which serves as the chain that holds communication together.

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24
Q

What did Saussure emphasize about language?

A

Saussure stressed that language is structural, freeing it to other words in social, political, or historical association.

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25
What did the Prague School study?
The Prague School studied syntax by establishing the relationship between words and discourse.
26
Who were Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf?
They were American linguists who developed the principle of linguistic relativity or the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
27
What is the origin of the term 'politics'?
The term 'politics' originates from the Greek word 'politikos' meaning 'of, for, or relating to citizens.'
28
What is political science?
Political science is the study of political power, relations, behavior, and activities, as well as governmental systems.
29
Who are some important personalities in political science?
Important personalities include Francis Lieber, Gaetano Masca, John W. Burgess, Max Weber, Charles E. Merriam, Talcot Parsons, Arthur Bentley, John Locke, Alexis de Tacqueville, and Jacques Rousseau.
30
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
The Code of Hammurabi consists of laws categorized as property and persons, with modern interpretations often viewing some punishments as barbaric.
31
What did Confucius emphasize?
Confucius emphasized the principle of zhengming (rectification of names), stating that a just society results from fulfilling roles.
32
What was Plato's political philosophy?
Plato's political philosophy centered on the idea of a just state or republic, with societal divisions based on this concept.
33
What did Aristotle focus on in his political philosophy?
Aristotle focused on the common interest as the basis for a just society.
34
Who was St. Augustine?
St. Augustine was an early Christian theologian and philosopher whose approach to politics was influenced by his theological ideas.
35
What did St. Thomas Aquinas contribute to political philosophy?
St. Thomas Aquinas believed that reason is the primary capacity of human nature, governing both the acts of man and his own body.
36
Who was Niccolò Machiavelli?
Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian historian and politician known for developing his treatise through historical and contemporary information.
37
What is demography?
Demography is the study of human populations through the use of statistical analysis and mathematical modeling.
38
What are the basic features of a population?
Basic features include age, sex, family, and household status.
39
What are the socioeconomic features of a population?
Socioeconomic features include religion, language, ethnicity, education, income, and wealth.
40
Who was Thomas Malthus?
Thomas Malthus was an English cleric and scholar known for his work 'An Essay on the Principle of Population' (1798).
41
What is zero population growth?
Zero population growth refers to a phenomenon when the birth rate of the population is equal to its death rate.
42
What is urbanization?
Urbanization is the proportion of a country's population living in urban areas.
43
What is migration?
Migration is the movement of people across a particular boundary to establish a permanent or semi-permanent residence.
44
What does population refer to?
Population refers to the number of inhabitants in a given area such as countries and regions.
45
What is mortality?
Mortality is the death rate or frequency of death in a population.
46
What is fertility?
Fertility can either mean the live birth of a population or the number of women in childbearing age (15-49 years old).
47
Who was John Graunt?
John Graunt was one of the foremost demographers whose statistical approach in studying populations laid the groundwork for demography.
48
Who was Johan Süssmilch?
Johan Süssmilch was a German demographer known for providing mortality tables for the entire population of Prussia.
49
Who was Hippocrates?
Hippocrates was an ancient Greek physician, whose main contribution is known today as the Hippocratic Oath.
50
What did Imam-Razi theorize?
Imam-Razi theorized that sentimental attachment to material objects could be a cause of mental illness.
51
What did Imam-Ghazali believe?
Imam-Ghazali believed that the self is the essence of man and that the self is the core from which personality arises.
52
What was René Descartes known for?
René Descartes was known for theorizing about the dualism of the mind and body.
53
What did Wang Qingren analyze?
Wang Qingren analyzed psychological activities as an effect of brain functions.
54
Who is considered the Father of Experimental Psychology?
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt is regarded as the Father of Experimental Psychology.
55
What was William James's contribution to psychology?
William James was the first to offer an academic course in psychology in the United States.
56
What is the theory of self proposed by William James?
William James divided the self into two— the 'Me' and the 'I.'
57
What is Max Wertheimer known for?
Max Wertheimer is known to be one of the fathers of Gestalt psychology.
58
Who is Sigmund Freud?
Sigmund Freud was an Australian neurologist known as the Father of Psychoanalysis.
59
What is B. F. Skinner known for?
B. F. Skinner is known as one of the fathers of behavioral psychology.
60
Who are some important personalities in sociology?
Important personalities include Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Lester F. Ward, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx.
61
How is society defined?
Society is defined as a 'group of people who share in one form or another distinct commonality.'
62
What is an institution in sociology?
An institution is a complex and organized entity which aims to protect and enable the continuing function of values adopted by society.
63
What are norms?
Norms refer to the values and behaviors which are considered acceptable in society.
64
What is deviance?
Deviance is straying away from or going out of what is the norm.
65
How is sociology simply defined?
Sociology is simply defined as 'the study of society.'
66
Who documented social dynamics in Chinese society?
Chinese thinkers like Confucius and Ma Duanlin documented the social dynamics of Chinese society.
67
What did Ibn Khaldun explore?
Ibn Khaldun explored the concepts of social cohesion and social conflict in his work Muqaddimah (1377).
68
What does human ecology study?
Human ecology studies society in relation to its environment.
69
What is penology?
Penology or penal science studies how punishment is conducted on the offending members of society.
70
What is a case study?
A case study is a research method which focuses on a particular social phenomenon and its effects on a specific group of people or an individual.

Social Science (3 decks)

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