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Tri 6 - Ortho Imaging (Tom) > Disc Pathology > Flashcards

Disc Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

General Classification of Disc Lesions

A
  • Normal
  • Congenital/developmental variation
  • Degeneration
  • Trauma
  • Infection/inflammation
  • Neoplasia
  • Morphologic variant of unknown significance
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2
Q

Congenital / Developmental Variations

A
  • Hypoplastic intervertebral disc
  • Scoliosis
  • Spondylolisthesis
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3
Q

Three subtypes of degeneration

A
  • Annular fissure
  • Degeneration
  • Herniation
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4
Q

Separations between the annular fibers or separations of the annular fibers from their attachments to the vertebral bone, aka, the…

A

high intensity zone (HIZ)

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5
Q

Fissures occur in all degenerative discs but are not all visualized as

A

HIZs

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6
Q

two sub-classifications of disc degen

A

Spondylosis deformans

and Intervertebral osteochondrosis (IVOC)

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7
Q

Affects mainly the annulus fibrosus and adjacent apophyses

A

Spondylosis deformans

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8
Q

Mild to moderate disc height loss and exuberant spondylophyte formation

A

Spondylosis deformans

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9
Q
  • Dramatic disc height loss
  • Minimal spondylosis
  • Possible vacuum (intradiscal gas)
  • Endplate cartilage erosion
A

Intervertebral osteochondrosis

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10
Q

Localized or focal displacement of disc material beyond the limits of the intervertebral disc space

A

herniation

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11
Q

Disruption of the disc associated with physical and/or imaging evidence of violent fracture and/or dislocation

A

trauma

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12
Q

any inflammatory change to the intervertebral disc

A
  • Infection
  • Modic disease
  • inflammatory response to a spondyloarthropathy
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13
Q

Inflammatory spondylitis of the subchondral endplate and bone marrow associated with degenerative pathologic changes to the disc

A

Modic disease

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14
Q
  • Loss of vertebral endplate cortex
  • Vertebral marrow signal abnormality abutting the disc
  • Hypointense on T1, hyperintense on fat-sat T2 or STIR
  • Avid enhancement with gad
A

Infectious spondylitis

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15
Q
  • Disc space narrowing
  • Hypointense on T1, hyperintense T2
  • Diffuse post-gad enhancement
A

Infectious discitis

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16
Q
  • Acute, with disruption and fissuring of the endplates with adjacent fibrous tissue
  • Marrow edema and inflammation
  • Low on T1, high on T2
A

Type I Modic endplate changes

17
Q
  • More chronic process
  • Fatty degeneration of adjacent marrow
  • High on T1, iso- to slightly high on T2
A

Type II Modic endplate changes

18
Q
  • Consistent with endplate sclerosis on x-ray

- Low on both T1 and T2

A

Type III Modic endplate changes

19
Q

First involves the SI joints and second involves T/L junction

A

Seronegative spondyloarthropathy

20
Q
  • Low signal intensity bone marrow at corner on T1

- High signal intensity bone marrow at early corner on T2 and STIR

A

Seronegative spondyloarthropathy

21
Q

Abnormal morphology of the disc but without enough data to be categorized

A

Morphologic Variant of Unknown Significance

22
Q

Presence of disc tissue extending beyond the edges of the ring apophyses, throughout the circumference of the disc

A

Disc Bulge

23
Q

is a disc bulge considered a form of herniation?

A

NO

24
Q

Bulging of disc tissue greater than 25% of the disc circumference

A

Asymmetric Disc Bulge

25
Q

the presence of disc tissue “circumferentially” (50-100%) beyond the edges of the ring apophysis may be called

A

“bulging” and is not considered a form of herniation;

it is a descriptive term for the shape of the disc contour and is not a diagnostic category

26
Q

Localized or focal displacement of disc material beyond the limits of the intervertebral disc space

A

Disc Herniation

27
Q

Extension of disc material less than 25% (90o) of the periphery of the disc as viewed in the axial plane

A

Disc Herniation

28
Q

If the displaced portion of the disc is covered by outer annulus fibers and/or the PLL

A

Contained Disc Herniation

29
Q

When the base of the herniated disc material is larger than the most distal portion

A

Protrusion

30
Q

When the distal portion of disc material is larger than the base of the herniation

A

Extrusion

31
Q

Schmorl’s node

A

Intravertebral Herniation

32
Q

To obliterate or make indistinct; the obliteration of features

A

Effacement

Tri 6 - Ortho Imaging (Tom) (6 decks)

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