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MBBS 4: Accidents and Emergency > Disaster Preparedness > Flashcards

Disaster Preparedness Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What is a disaster?

A

An event of a magnitude resulting
in a level of suffering which
overwhelms the local community
response

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2
Q

Major incident definition?

A

Casualties (number, type, severity) or location require special response measures

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3
Q

Types of major incident?

A
  1. Simple or compound
    * Simple: roads, bridges, infrastructure intact
  2. Compensated or uncompensated
    * Adequate local medical resources to respond
    Note: Uncompensated major incident is a disaster
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4
Q

Types of disasters?

A
  1. natural
  2. manmade
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5
Q

Types of natural disasters?

A
  1. flood
  2. earthquake
  3. drought
  4. fire
  5. tornado
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6
Q

Types of manmade disasters?

A
  1. RTA
  2. structural collapse
  3. civil unrest/conflict
  4. chemical, biologic, radiologic, nuclear incidents
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7
Q

Phases of disastters?

A
  1. pre-disaster
  2. disaster
  3. post-disaster
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8
Q

Pre-disaster phase?

A

Time to focus on:
*Prevention
*Mitigation
*Preparedness
*Early warning
- Adequate planning and simulation are necessary for optimal health system response to disaster

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9
Q

Disaster phase?

A

Time to respond:
- activate a disaster response plan

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10
Q

Principles of disaster medicine?

A
  • Integrated response
  • All-hazard approach
  • Incident command
  • Triage
  • Communications
  • The plan
  • Review of plans
  • Training
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11
Q

Integrated response in disaster response?

A
  1. Multidisciplinary approach to:
    - Planning during pre-disaster phase
    - Response to disaster
  2. Make preparations in conjunction with other responding agencies
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12
Q

All hazard approach in disaster response?

A
  1. Plan operations and response to disasters based on health system capability
  2. Do NOT make plans based on particular hazards
  3. Aids flexibility of response to each unique disaster situation
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13
Q

Incident comman in disaster response?

A
  1. An organized system for incident command must be established for disaster management
  2. Define command structure and responsibilities beforehand
  3. Coordinate command structure with all relevant parties
    involved in disaster response
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14
Q

Triage in disaster response?

A

Aim to do the most good for the greatest number of patients with
limited resources
1. Shift from usual goals of care
2. Usual medical management goal is doing the most possible for each patient
3. Not possible in mass casualty

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15
Q

Use of triage in disaster response?

A

Utilize formalized triage system to identify and stratify patients
with differing needs
* Maximize limited resources
* Ensures best use of resources

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16
Q

Communications in disaster response?

A
  1. Failure of communication systems is common during disasters
  2. Anticipate failure and devise robust system for communication
  3. Remember need for external communication with other responding agencies, in addition to internal messaging
17
Q

The plan in disaster response?

A

*Government, hospital, and EMS plans may exist simultaneously
*Must be living documents
*All parties must have input in order to delineate specific responsibilities and act in unison during disaster response

18
Q

Review of plans in disaster response?

A

*Imperative to ensure that plans remain relevant and
able to address current concerns
*Conduct scheduled reviews annually or at other
agreed-upon interval
*Unscheduled reviews after each incident to make
immediate improvements to response

19
Q

Training in disaster response?

A

Include exercises to practice decision
making and response
*Large scale disaster simulations
*Small scale table-top simulations
- Vital to have regular training in order to maintain skills necessary for staff to
respond to disasters

20
Q

Mnemonic for Setting Priorities for response execution?

A

CSCATTT
*Command and Control
*Safety
*Communication
*Assessment
*Triage
*Treatment
*Transport

21
Q

Mneumonic for appropriate communications?

A

METHANE
*My call sign
*Exact location
*Type of incident
*Hazards on scene
*Access (and egress routes)
*Number of casualties
*Emergency services (on scene and needed)

22
Q

Post disaster phase?

A

Still Time to act
1. Response – Search, rescue, transport to hospitals
2. Recovery
3. Rehabilitation
4. Reconstruction – For future health system function
- Essential for staff, hospitals, and health systems to allow continuous service to community

MBBS 4: Accidents and Emergency (34 decks)

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