Disaster, Bioterrorism, Environmental Health

Question 1

What are the phases of the disaster management cycle?

Answer 1

Mitigation, preparation, response, recovery

Question 2

Mitigation

Answer 2

Capacity building, prevention, preventing or minimizing risks related to a disaster, identifying risks and taking action to prevent or reduce the risks of a disaster.

Question 3

Nurse’s role in mitigation

Answer 3

Community assessment, identifying risks, developing plans, reducing risks, public policy, and education.

Question 4

What is the most critical phase of disaster management?

Answer 4

Preparation

Question 5

Preparation

Answer 5

Pre-impact. Warnings, recruiting volunteers, training and equipping

Question 6

What is the priority in preparation?

Answer 6

Planning and readiness

Question 7

What is the role of the nurse in preparation?

Answer 7

Policy, communication, obtaining equipment and supplies, training, sheltering, first-aid, and emergency.

Question 8

Response

Answer 8

The immediate action in the face of a disaster (after the event). Mobilization of responders, saving as many lives as possible, providing for immediate needs of survivors, and reducing long term impact.

Question 9

In what phase of disaster management do you reduce the long-term impact?

Answer 9

Response

Question 10

Role of the nurse in response

Answer 10

Providing physical and mental healthcare, triage, managing resources, infection control, and monitoring.

Question 11

Recovery and rehabilitation

Answer 11

Assisting the community and the affected population, restoring vital services, rebuilding infrastructure and housing, long-term process with short and long-term goals.

Question 12

Role of the nurse in recovery and rehabilitation

Answer 12

Continued care and support, monitoring, referrals, assist with reestablishing infrastructure, evaluation that leads to changes in prevention.

Question 13

What are considerations for vulnerable or special populations during a disaster?

Answer 13

Basic supplies, medicine and medical equipment, assistive devices, pets, literacy and language, transportation for evacuation or to shelters, shelters or sheltering in place.

Question 14

What are the components of an environmental exposure assessment?

Answer 14

IPREPRARE 
I: Investigate possible exposures 
P: Present work 
R: Residence 
E: Environmental concerns 
P: Past work 
A: Activities 
R: Referrals and Recourse 
E: Educate

Question 15

What are the components of risk communication?

Answer 15

Risk: characterize the hazard, mode of transmission, exposure, dose, magnitude, and probability.
Risk communication: Disseminating information to create action, ensuring safety, preventing harm, and reducing unnecessary fear.
Components: Building trust before an event, planning, right information, right people, right time.

Question 16

What are opportunities in which nursing interventions could decrease harmful environmental influences on health?

Answer 16

Case management: optimizing self-care and the capacity of systems to coordinate and provide services.
Health teaching: communicate facts, ideas, and skills
Advocacy: pleading case on someone else’s behalf
Levels of prevention: primary (reduce environmental hazards), secondary (monitor for signs of hazards), tertiary (how to protect from further harm)

Question 17

Bioterrorism

Answer 17

Deliberate release of bacteria, virus, or other agents used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants.

Question 18

What is recommended in an emergency preparedness kit?

Answer 18

3 day supply of: water (1 gallon per person per day), food, radio, flashlight, first-aid kit, batteries, whistle, dust mask, duct tape, moist towlettes, garbage bags, plastic ties, wrench or pliers, can opener, masks, cell phones.

Question 19

Category A Bioterrorism Agent

Answer 19

High-priority agents that include organisms or toxins that pose the most risk to the public and national security. Can be easily spread or transmitted from person to person. Result in high death rates and have the potential for a major public health impact. Might cause public panic and social disruption. Require special action for public health preparedness.

Question 20

Category C Bioterrorism Agent

Answer 20

Third highest priority agents, emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass spread in the future. Easily available, easily produced and spread, potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impacts.