Disabilities, Challenges, and Assistive Technologies (40%)

Question 1

According to the medical model of disability, what is the primary cause of disability?
a) Medical conditions
b) Social barriers
c) Individual choice
d) Lack of motivation

Answer 1

a) Medical conditions

Question 2

In the medical model, how is disability viewed?
a) A social construct
b) A strength to be celebrated
c) A problem within the individual
d) A natural part of life

Answer 2

c) A problem within the individual

Question 3

What is the primary focus of treatment in the medical model of disability?
a) Acceptance and community support
b) Curing or managing the medical condition
c) Modifying the environment for accessibility
d) Personal growth and empowerment

Answer 3

b) Curing or managing the medical condition

Question 4

A person who uses a wheelchair cannot enter a building due to stairs. According to the medical model, who is responsible for this situation?
a) The building owner for not having a ramp
b) Society for its lack of awareness
c) The person with the disability
d) All of the above

Answer 4

c) The person with the disability

Question 5

The medical model can be helpful for:
a) Increasing social inclusion
b) Understanding the biological basis of disabilities
c) Challenging negative stereotypes about disabilities
d) Designing accessible public transportation

Answer 5

b) Understanding the biological basis of disabilities

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the medical model?
a) It overlooks the role of the environment in creating disability.
b) It can lead to feelings of exclusion for people with disabilities.
c) It ignores broader sociopolitical constraints including attitudes, policies and (lack of) regulations.
d) It emphasizes the potential for people with disabilities to live fulfilling lives.

Answer 6

d) It emphasizes the potential for people with disabilities to live fulfilling lives.

Question 7

Why might someone with a disability be critical of the medical model?
a) It discourages seeking medical treatment.
b) It emphasizes their potential for a fulfilling life.
c) It overlooks social factors that can contribute to disability.
d) It ignores the importance of medical professionals.

Answer 7

c) It overlooks social factors that can contribute to disability.

Question 8

Why might someone with a disability be critical of the medical model?
a) It emphasizes their potential for a fulfilling life.
b) It discourages seeking medical treatment.
c) It ignores the importance of medical professionals.
d) People with disabilities often report feeling excluded, undervalued, pressured to fit a questionable norm.

Answer 8

d) People with disabilities often report feeling excluded, undervalued, pressured to fit a questionable norm.

Question 9

Why might someone with a disability be critical of the medical model?
a) It emphasizes their potential for a fulfilling life.
b) People with disabilities often report feeling treated as if they were globally incapacitated.
c) It ignores the importance of medical professionals.
d) It discourages seeking medical treatment.

Answer 9

b) People with disabilities often report feeling treated as if they were globally incapacitated.

Question 10

Why might someone with a disability be critical of the medical model?
a) It discourages seeking medical treatment.
b) It emphasizes their potential for a fulfilling life.
c) People with disabilities often express frustration when they are met with pitying attitudes or incredulity if they speak about anything positive related to living with their conditions.
d) It ignores the importance of medical professionals.

Answer 10

c) People with disabilities often express frustration when they are met with pitying attitudes or incredulity if they speak about anything positive related to living with their conditions.

Question 11

Sarah, who uses a wheelchair, can’t get into a cafe because there’s a steep step at the entrance. The medical model of disability would suggest this is due to:
a) A lack of motivation on Sarah’s part.
b) A design flaw in wheelchairs that makes them difficult to maneuver.
c) Sarah’s physical impairment.
d) Societal prejudice against people with disabilities.

Answer 11

c) Sarah’s physical impairment.

Question 12

According to the Social Model of Disability, what primarily causes disability?
a) Personal impairment
b) Societal barriers
c) Lack of medical treatment
d) Genetic predisposition

Answer 12

b) Societal barriers

Question 13

The Social Model emphasizes the importance of:
a) Removing environmental barriers
b) Individual therapy for people with disabilities
c) Curing impairments through medical intervention
d) Separating people with disabilities from society

Answer 13

a) Removing environmental barriers

Question 14

In the Social Model, disability is viewed as:
a) A fixed characteristic of a person
b) Solely a medical condition
c) A punishment for past actions
d) An issue that is both cultural and ideological, requiring individual, community, and large-scale social change

Answer 14

d) An issue that is both cultural and ideological, requiring individual, community, and large-scale social change

Question 15

Proponents of the Social Model believe that people with disabilities can be:
a) Completely cured through medical advancements
b) Limited in their participation due to their impairments
c) Fully included in society with the removal of barriers
d) Seen as a burden on society

Answer 15

c) Fully included in society with the removal of barriers

Question 16

The Social Model focuses on:
a) Individual limitations caused by impairments
b) Changing societal attitudes towards disability
c) Finding medical treatments for specific impairments
d) Separating people with disabilities for their safety

Answer 16

b) Changing societal attitudes towards disability

Question 17

When someone with a visual impairment cannot read a magazine because it is only available in print, the Social Model would say this is caused by:
a) The person’s visual impairment
b) The lack of an accessible format like braille
c) The need for stronger glasses
d) A lack of motivation to read

Answer 17

b) The lack of an accessible format like braille

Question 18

Which of the following is a strength of the Social Model of Disability?
a) It emphasizes the need for medical advancements to cure impairments.
b) It focuses solely on the individual experiences of disability.
c) It highlights that barriers experienced by people with disabilities are not inevitable.
d) It downplays the importance of support services for people with disabilities.

Answer 18

c) It highlights that barriers experienced by people with disabilities are not inevitable.

Question 19

Which of the following is a strength of the Social Model of Disability?
a) It emphasizes the need for medical advancements to cure impairments.
b) It focuses solely on the individual experiences of disability.
c) It downplays the importance of support services for people with disabilities.
d) It emphasizes that Societies can improve the lives of people with disabilities by ensuring the world is designed to accommodate a wide range of human characteristics and abilities.

Answer 19

d) It emphasizes that Societies can improve the lives of people with disabilities by ensuring the world is designed to accommodate a wide range of human characteristics and abilities.

Question 20

Critics of the Social Model argue it:
a) Places too much emphasis on individual responsibility for overcoming disability.
b) Overlooks the potential of medical advancements to improve lives.
c) Downplays the real-world limitations caused by some impairments.
d) Ignores the importance of social attitudes towards disability.

Answer 20

c) Downplays the real-world limitations caused by some impairments.

Question 21

A potential weakness of the Social Model is that it:
a) Focuses on dismantling physical barriers only.
b) Can put activists at odds with people with other political interests.
c) Doesn’t acknowledge the role of societal discrimination.
d) Encourages viewing disability solely as a medical issue.

Answer 21

b) Can put activists at odds with people with other political interests.

Question 22

The Social Model may struggle to address situations where:
a) Accessible transportation options are readily available.
b) Societal attitudes towards disability are already very positive.
c) A person’s impairment significantly limits their ability to perform daily activities.
d) There are strong legal protections against disability discrimination.

Answer 22

c) A person’s impairment significantly limits their ability to perform daily activities.

Question 23

Sarah uses a wheelchair. She wants to go to a concert but the venue has no accessible entrance. According to the Social Model, this situation:
a) Highlights Sarah’s limitations due to her wheelchair use.
b) Shows disability is solely caused by a person’s impairment.
c) Demonstrates how societal barriers causes disability and exclusion.
d) Points to the need for medical advancements to improve mobility.

Answer 23

c) Demonstrates how societal barriers causes disability and exclusion.

Question 24

David has low vision and cannot read the price tags in a store. The Social Model would suggest this issue could be addressed by:
a) Telling David to get stronger glasses.
b) Providing price tags in a larger font or braille.
c) Curing David’s vision impairment through future medical breakthroughs.
d) Encouraging David to shop online instead of in person.

Answer 24

b) Providing price tags in a larger font or braille.

Question 25

Which of the following factors is NOT considered in the Biopsychosocial Model of Disability?
a) Biological (impairment)
b) Psychological (thoughts, emotions)
c) Economic (income level)
d) Social (cultural background)

Answer 25

c) Economic (income level)

Question 26

Who is credited with developing the Biopsychosocial Model of Disability?
a) Hippocrates
b) George Engel
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Sigmund Freud

Answer 26

b) George Engel

Question 27

Which of the following statements best reflects the Biopsychosocial Model?
a) Disability is solely a result of biological impairment.
b) Disability is caused by negative societal attitudes.
c) Disability is the combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.
d) Disability is a personal choice that can be overcome with willpower.

Answer 27

c) Disability is the combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Question 28

The 2002, World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is derived from which model?
a) Medical Model
b) Biopsychosocial Model
b) Social Model
d) None of the above

Answer 28

b) Biopsychosocial Model

Question 29

How does the Biopsychosocial Model benefit rehabilitation efforts?
a) It focuses solely on curing the underlying medical condition.
b) It emphasizes the limitations a person with a disability will face.
c) It discourages considering social and environmental factors.
d) It develops a support intervention that accounts for both a person’s medical and social situation.

Answer 29

d) It develops a support intervention that accounts for both a person’s medical and social situation.

Question 30

Compared to the Medical Model, how does the Biopsychosocial Model improve understanding of disability?
a) It downplays the importance of medical interventions.
b) It offers a more comprehensive perspective beyond just medical cures and areas of pathology and impairment.
c) It focuses on finding a cure for all disabilities.
d) It ignores the individual’s biological condition.

Answer 30

b) It offers a more comprehensive perspective beyond just medical cures and areas of pathology and impairment.

Question 31

A strength of the Biopsychosocial Model is:
a) It can be used in situations related to rehabilitation.
b) It focuses solely on curing the underlying medical condition.
c) It emphasizes the limitations a person with a disability will face.
d) It discourages considering social and environmental factors.

Answer 31

a) It can be used in situations related to rehabilitation.

Question 32

Critics of the ICF, based on the Biopsychosocial Model, argue that it might:
a) Overemphasize the role of medical interventions.
b) Downplay the medical needs of people with disabilities.
c) Ignore the psychological impact of disability.
d) Focus too heavily on individual coping strategies.

Answer 32

b) Downplay the medical needs of people with disabilities.

Question 33

Critics of the ICF, based on the Biopsychosocial Model, argue that it might:
a) Overemphasize the role of medical interventions.
b) Ignore the psychological impact of disability.
c) Focus too heavily on individual coping strategies.
d) Be too complex, which could lead to difficulties in implementation.

Answer 33

d) Be too complex, which could lead to difficulties in implementation.

Question 34

The economic model of disability defines disability by:
a) a person’s inability to participate in work
b) A fixed characteristic of a person
c) A punishment for past actions
d) An issue that is both cultural and ideological, requiring individual, community, and large-scale social change

Answer 34

a) a person’s inability to participate in work

Question 35

The economic model of disability assesses:
a) Issues that are both cultural and ideological, requiring individual, community, and large-scale social change.
b) Fixed characteristics of a person.
c) The degree to which impairment affects an individual’s productivity and the economic consequences for the individual, employer, and the state.
d) The degree to which impairment affects an individual’s ability to perform accounting duties.

Answer 35

c) The degree to which impairment affects an individual’s productivity and the economic consequences for the individual, employer, and the state.

Question 36

Who uses the economic model of disability?
a) Healthcare professionals in the context of determining prices.
b) Designers
c) Policymakers in the context of determining and assessing disability benefits.
d) None of the above

Answer 36

c) Policymakers in the context of determining and assessing disability benefits.

Question 37

The economic model of disability is closely related to the:
a) Charity Model
b) Social Model
c) Functional Solutions Model
d) Medical Model

Answer 37

a) Charity Model

Question 38

Lower profit margins for the employer, loss of earnings for and payment for assistance by the individual, and state welfare payments are consequences of what model of disability?
a) Charity Model
b) Social Model
c) Functional Solutions Model
d) Economic Model

Answer 38

d) Economic Model

Question 39

The economic model of disability emphasizes the need for:
a) Medical treatment for disabilities.
b) Charitable donations to support people with disabilities.
c) Social inclusion and removing societal barriers for people with disabilities.
d) Economic support and / or accommodations for the people with disabilities.

Answer 39

d) Economic support and / or accommodations for the people with disabilities.

Question 40

The economic model of disability defines someone as disabled based on their ability to work. This can be a weakness because it:
a) Creates a legally defined category of people who are needy, which can be stigmatizing.
a) Downplays the medical needs of people with disabilities.
b) Is too complex, which could lead to difficulties in implementation.
c) Put activists at odds with people with other political interests.

Answer 40

a) Creates a legally defined category of people who are needy, which can be stigmatizing.

Question 41

The economic model of disability defines someone as disabled based on their ability to work. This can be a weakness because it:
a) Treats disability as a problem or inherent characteristic of the individual.
b) Might not identify a person as meeting the legal “disabled” threshold, which means they may not receive the support they need.
c) May lead to miscalculations or missed opportunities in cases where social, political and environmental aspects ought to be considered to fix an issue effectively.
d) Is too complex, which could lead to difficulties in implementation.

Answer 41

b) Might not identify a person as meeting the legal “disabled” threshold, which means they may not receive the support they need.

Question 42

Which of the following best describes the Functional Solutions Model of Disability?

a) It views disability as a social construct created by societal barriers.
b) It emphasizes finding technological solutions to overcome limitations caused by disability.
c) It focuses on the emotional and psychological aspects of living with a disability.
d) It argues that disability is a personal tragedy that requires charity.

Answer 42

b) It emphasizes finding technological solutions to overcome limitations caused by disability.

Question 43

What is the primary goal of the Functional Solutions Model?
a) To raise awareness about different types of disabilities.
b) To eliminate the stigma associated with disability.
c) to eliminate, or at least reduce, the impact of the functional limitations of the body through technological or methodological innovation.
d) To increase government funding for disability programs.

Answer 43

c) to eliminate, or at least reduce, the impact of the functional limitations of the body through technological or methodological innovation.

Question 44

Which of the following is true about the Functional Solutions Model of Disability?
a) It views disability as a social construct created by societal barriers.
b) It focuses on the emotional and psychological aspects of living with a disability.
c) It argues that disability is a personal tragedy that requires charity.
d) It is a practical perspective that identifies the limitations (or “functional impairments”) due to disability.

Answer 44

d) It is a practical perspective that identifies the limitations (or “functional impairments”) due to disability.

Question 45

A strength of the Functional Solutions Model is its:
a) Focus on social justice and advocacy.
b) Recognition of the role of environmental factors in disability.
c) Results-oriented approach to solving real-world challenges.
d) Consideration of the emotional impact of disability.

Answer 45

c) Results-oriented approach to solving real-world challenges.

Question 46

A strength of the Functional Solutions Model is its:
a) Attention to the needs of people in their own circumstances and is based on providing services.
b) Focus on social justice and advocacy.
c) Recognition of the role of environmental factors in disability.
d) Consideration of the emotional impact of disability.

Answer 46

a) Attention to the needs of people in their own circumstances and is based on providing services.

Question 47

A potential weakness of the Functional Solutions Model is that:
a) It encourages collaboration between people with disabilities and innovators.
b) It promotes the development of a wide range of assistive technologies.
c) It may overlook the needs of individuals with limited financial resources.
d) It emphasizes the importance of social support networks.

Answer 47

c) It may overlook the needs of individuals with limited financial resources.

Question 48

A potential weakness of the Functional Solutions Model is that:
a) Profit-driven technology may create products that may be innovative but neither practical nor useful.
b) It encourages collaboration between people with disabilities and innovators.
c) It is a practical perspective that identifies the limitations (or “functional impairments”) due to disability.
d) It emphasizes the importance of social support networks.

Answer 48

a) Profit-driven technology may create products that may be innovative but neither practical nor useful.

Question 49

A potential weakness of the Functional Solutions Model is that:
a) Attention to the needs of people in their own circumstances and is based on providing services.
b) Some products may be of more benefit to the innovators than to the target population.
c) It promotes the development of a wide range of assistive technologies.
d) It emphasizes the importance of social support networks.

Answer 49

b) Some products may be of more benefit to the innovators than to the target population.

Question 50

A potential weakness of the Functional Solutions Model is that:
a) It encourages collaboration between people with disabilities and innovators.
b) It may lead to miscalculations or missed opportunities in cases where social, political and environmental aspects ought to be considered.
c) It promotes the development of a wide range of assistive technologies.
d) Attention to the needs of people in their own circumstances and is based on providing services.

Answer 50

b) It may lead to miscalculations or missed opportunities in cases where social, political and environmental aspects ought to be considered.

Question 51

Sarah, a young woman with limited vision, struggles to read standard printed text. The Functional Solutions Model would support the development of:
a) Educational workshops to help Sarah improve her reading skills.
b) Braille literacy programs to teach her a new reading system.
c) Magnifying devices or text-to-speech software to assist with reading.
d) Advocacy campaigns to raise awareness about vision loss.

Answer 51

c) Magnifying devices or text-to-speech software to assist with reading.

Question 52

David, who uses a wheelchair, finds it difficult to enter his apartment building due to a lack of ramps. According to the Functional Solutions Model, the best solution would be to:
a) Install a ramp at the building entrance to enable independent access.
b) Provide David with physical therapy to improve his upper body strength.
c) Offer David financial assistance to move to a different apartment.
d) Organize a community support group for wheelchair users.

Answer 52

a) Install a ramp at the building entrance to enable independent access.

Question 53

Maya has difficulty gripping objects due to arthritis. The Functional Solutions Model would encourage the development of:
a) Counseling services to help Maya cope with the emotional impact of her disability.
b) Medication to manage the pain associated with arthritis.
c) Adaptive utensils or grippers to improve her ability to grasp objects.
d) Educational programs to raise awareness about arthritis.

Answer 53

c) Adaptive utensils or grippers to improve her ability to grasp objects.

Question 54

Which of the following best describes the core concept of the Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability?
a) Disabilities are a medical issue that needs to be cured.
b) Society creates disability through poor design and lack of accessibility.
c) People with disabilities are entitled to special benefits and treatment.
d) People with disabilities form a cultural identity based on shared experiences.

Answer 54

d) People with disabilities form a cultural identity based on shared experiences.

Question 55

The Social Identity Model emphasizes that people with disabilities should:
a) Derive one’s personal identity from membership within a group of like-minded individuals.
b) Feel ashamed of their limitations.
c) Strive to become completely “normal.”
d) Rely solely on medical professionals for support.

Answer 55

a) Derive one’s personal identity from membership within a group of like-minded individuals.

Question 56

Deaf culture, with its use of Sign Language and traditions, is an example of:
a) The Medical Model of Disability
b) The Social Model of Disability
c) The Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model
d) The Charity Model of Disability

Answer 56

c) The Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model

Question 57

A potential weakness of the Social Identity Model is:
a) It encourages self-acceptance and empowerment.
b) It focuses on the positive aspects of disability identity.
c) It disregards the need for medical intervention.
d) It might lead to feelings of exclusion for those outside the group.

Answer 57

d) It might lead to feelings of exclusion for those outside the group.

Question 58

A potential weakness of the Social Identity Model is:
a) It could include members that do not identify as disabled.
b) It encourages self-acceptance and empowerment.
c) It focuses on the positive aspects of disability identity.
d) It disregards the need for medical intervention.

Answer 58

a) It could include members that do not identify as disabled.

Question 59

How does the Social Identity Model empower people with disabilities?
a) By focusing on the limitations caused by their disability.
b) By accepting the person’s disability completely.
c) By promoting dependence on medical professionals for support.
d) By suggesting they should strive to be completely “normal.”

Answer 59

b) By accepting the person’s disability completely.

Question 60

The Charity Model of Disability views people with disabilities as:
a) Superhuman and capable of overcoming any challenge.
b) In need of outside help and potentially unfortunate.
c) Fully independent and requiring no assistance.
d) A burden on society.

Answer 60

b) In need of outside help and potentially unfortunate.

Question 61

The Charity Model is similar to the Medical Model because it views disability as:
a) A social construct created by society.
b) A source of strength and resilience.
c) A result of personal choices.
d) An individual problem.

Answer 61

d) An individual problem.

Question 62

The Charity Model is similar to the Economic Model because it views disability as:
a) Economic consequences that affect the individual.
b) A social construct created by society.
c) A source of strength and resilience.
d) A result of personal choices.

Answer 62

a) Economic consequences that affect the individual.

Question 63

According to the Charity Model, people with disabilities are:
a) Responsible for creating their own limitations.
b) Deserving of pity.
c) Defined solely by their disability.
d) Fully capable of achieving anything they set their mind to.

Answer 63

b) Deserving of pity.

Question 64

A potential weakness of the Charity Model is:
a) Encouraging community involvement.
b) Empowering people with disabilities.
c) Fostering feelings of pity and dependence.
d) Providing immediate support.

Answer 64

c) Fostering feelings of pity and dependence.

Question 65

A potential weakness of the Charity Model is:
a) Encouraging community involvement.
b) Can inspire people to contribute their time.
c) Providing immediate support.
d) It can be condescending toward people with disabilities.

Answer 65

d) It can be condescending toward people with disabilities.

Question 66

A potential weakness of the Charity Model is:
a) It often focuses on short-term, immediate needs versus long-term solutions.
b) Encouraging community involvement.
c) Can inspire people to contribute their time.
d) Providing immediate support.

Answer 66

a) It often focuses on short-term, immediate needs versus long-term solutions.

Question 67

The Charity Model can play a role in:
a) Creating a system where people with disabilities are expected to be self-sufficient.
b) Highlighting the economic impact of disability on society.
c) Providing short-term solutions to meet critical needs.
d) Focusing on the medical aspects of disability.

Answer 67

(c) Providing short-term solutions to meet critical needs.

Question 68

The Charity Model can:
a) Perpetuate negative stereotypes about disabilities.
b) Inspire people to contribute their time when help is genuinely needed.
c) Lead to a decrease in resources available for people with disabilities.
d) Discourage people with disabilities from seeking help.

Answer 68

b) Inspire people to contribute their time when help is genuinely needed.

Question 69

The Charity Model can:
a) Perpetuate negative stereotypes about disabilities.
b) Lead to a decrease in resources available for people with disabilities.
c) Discourage people with disabilities from seeking help.
d) Inspire people to contribute resources when help is genuinely needed.

Answer 69

d) Inspire people to contribute resources when help is genuinely needed.

Question 70

Maria, a wheelchair user, struggles to find employment because most businesses in her town lack accessible ramps. According to the Charity Model, what might be a response to this situation?
a) Maria should focus on developing skills that allow her to work from home.
b) A local charity organization could raise funds to install ramps in businesses.
c) Maria could participate in workshops to improve her communication skills for interviews.
d) The government should provide financial assistance to Maria while she searches for a job.

Answer 70

b) A local charity organization could raise funds to install ramps in businesses.

Question 71

After a car accident, Sarah requires physical therapy to regain mobility in her arm. The Charity Model perspective on this situation suggests:
a) A local charity could organize a fundraiser to cover the cost of Sarah’s therapy.
b) Sarah should focus on adapting her daily life to accommodate her limitations.
c) Sarah should demand that the driver who caused the accident pays for her therapy.
d) The government should provide Sarah with job training in a field that doesn’t require arm mobility.

Answer 71

a) A local charity could organize a fundraiser to cover the cost of Sarah’s therapy.

Question 72

Due to her deafness, Maya struggles to follow conversations in meetings at work. According to the Charity Model, a possible solution might be:
a) Maya requesting her employer to provide her with sign language interpretation services.
b) Maya taking courses to improve her lip-reading skills.
c) The government offering financial aid to Maya to switch careers to a quieter work environment.
d) A colleague volunteering to take notes for Maya during meetings.

Answer 72

d) A colleague volunteering to take notes for Maya during meetings.

Question 73

Which of the following are considered disability categories?
a) Visual Impairment Disabilities, Speech Sound Disabilities, Speech and Language Disabilities
b) Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities, Speech and Language Disabilities, Psychological Disabilities
c) Social Interaction Disabilities, Epilepsy, Multiple/Complex Disabilities
d) All of the above

Answer 73

b) Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities, Speech and Language Disabilities, Psychological Disabilities

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a disability category?
a) Visual Disabilities
b) Cognitive Disabilities
c) Psychological Disabilities
d) Social Interaction Disabilities

Answer 74

d) Social Interaction Disabilities

Question 75

Name the different disability categories?

Answer 75

Visual Disabilities
Auditory Disabilities
Deaf-Blindness
Speech and Language Disabilities
Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities
Cognitive Disabilities
Seizure Disabilities
Psychological Disabilities
Multiple/Complex Disabilities

Question 76

Which of the following are considered disability categories?
a) Manual Dexterity Disabilities, Auditory Disabilities, Speech and Language Disabilities
b) Cognitive Disabilities, Epilepsy Disabilities, and Visual Disabilities
c) Social Interaction Disabilities, Epilepsy, Multiple/Complex Disabilities
d) Cognitive Disabilities, Seizure Disabilities, and Visual Disabilities

Answer 76

d) Cognitive Disabilities, Seizure Disabilities, and Visual Disabilities

Question 77

Which of the following are considered disability categories?
a) Auditory Disabilities, Deaf-Blindness, and Cognitive Disabilities
b) Manual Dexterity Disabilities, Auditory Disabilities, Speech and Language Disabilities
c) Cognitive Disabilities, Seizure Disabilities, and Visual Disabilities
d) Mobility Impairment Disabilities, Epilepsy, Multiple/Complex Disabilities

Answer 77

a) Auditory Disabilities, Deaf-Blindness, and Cognitive Disabilities

Question 78

Which of the following are considered disability categories?
a) Visual Impairment Disabilities, Speech Sound Disabilities, Speech and Language Disabilities
b) Social Interaction Disabilities, Epilepsy, Multiple/Complex Disabilities
c) Multiple/Complex Disabilities, Speech and Language Disabilities, Psychological Disabilities
d) All of the above

Answer 78

c) Multiple/Complex Disabilities, Speech and Language Disabilities, Psychological Disabilities

Question 79

What are the specific conditions under the Visual Disabilities category?

Answer 79

Blindness: Some vision loss, nearly complete vision loss, and complete vision loss.

Color Vision Deficiency: The most common form of color vision deficiency affects a person’s ability to distinguish reds and greens. Other colors may also be affected.

Low Vision: Most eye care professionals prefer to use the term “low vision” to describe permanently reduced vision that cannot be corrected with regular glasses, contact lenses, medicine, or surgery.

Question 80

Which of these conditions fall under the Visual Disabilities category?
a) Ambulation, Aphasia
b) Deafness, Photosensitive Epilepsy
c) Blindness, Anxiety Disorders
d) Blindness, Low Vision

Answer 80

d) Blindness, Low Vision

Question 81

Which of these conditions fall under the Auditory Disabilities category?
a) Deafness, Central Auditory Processing Disorder
b) Deafness, Autism Spectrum Disorders
c) No Speech, General Seizure Disorders
d) Loss of Hearing, Deafness

Answer 81

Deafness is the total or near total loss of hearing.

Hard of hearing (HOH) refers to people with hearing loss ranging from mild to severe who still have some useful hearing.

Central Auditory Processing Disorder is often described as greater than expected difficulty hearing and understanding speech even though no measurable hearing loss exists.

Question 82

Which of these conditions fall under the Auditory Disabilities category?
a) Television Hearing, Central Auditory Processing Disorder
b) Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), Muscle Fatigue
c) Hard of hearing (HOH), Deafness
d) Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), Deafness

Answer 82

c) Hard of hearing (HOH), Deafness

Question 83

Which of these conditions fall under the Speech and Language Disabilities category?
a) Organic Speech Sound Disorders, Aphasia
b) No Speech, Sound Ambulation
c) Intellectual Disability, Organic Speech Sound Disorders
d) Aphasia, Speech Disorder

Answer 83

(a)

Organic Speech Sound Disorders include disorders resulting from motor/neurological disorders, including: Apraxia of speech: when the person knows what they want to say but the brain has difficulty planning the movements involved in speaking | Dysarthria: difficulty controlling the muscles used to speak | Structural deficiencies: cleft lip palate | Sensory/perceptual disorders e.g. hearing loss

Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from neurological damage. It affects all use of language, not just speech.

Question 84

Which of these conditions fall under the Speech and Language Disabilities category?
a) Functional Speech Sound Disorders, Sound Disorder
b) Functional Speech Sound Disorders, No Speech
c) Reading and Dyslexia, Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control
d) No Speech, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 84

(b)

Functional Speech Sound Disorders do not stem from acquired or developmental disorders and have no known cause. Typically include errors in articulation (clear and distinct sounds) and phonology (sound patterns).

No Speech, or mutism, is an inability to speak.

Question 85

Which of these conditions fall under the Speech and Language Disabilities category?
a) Aphasia, Muscle Fatigue
b) Hard of hearing (HOH), Organic Speech Sound Disorders
c) Aphasia, Functional Speech Sound Disorders
d) Reading and Dyslexia, Aphasia

Answer 85

(c)

Functional Speech Sound Disorders do not stem from acquired or developmental disorders and have no known cause. Typically include errors in articulation (clear and distinct sounds) and phonology (sound patterns).

Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from neurological damage. It affects all use of language, not just speech.

Question 86

Which of these conditions fall under the Speech and Language Disabilities category?
a) Organic Speech Sound Disorders, Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD
b) Functional Speech Sound Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorders
c) Organic Speech Sound Disorders, Deafness
d) No Speech, Organic Speech Sound Disorders

Answer 86

(d)

Organic Speech Sound Disorders include disorders resulting from motor/neurological disorders, including: Apraxia of speech: when the person knows what they want to say but the brain has difficulty planning the movements involved in speaking | Dysarthria: difficulty controlling the muscles used to speak | Structural deficiencies: cleft lip palate | Sensory/perceptual disorders e.g. hearing loss

No Speech, or mutism, is an inability to speak.

Question 87

Which of these conditions fall under the Visual Disabilities category?
a) Deaf-Blindness, Color Vision Deficiency
b) Low Vision, Color Vision Deficiency
c) Photosensitive Epilepsy, Blindness
d) Aphasia, Low Vision

Answer 87

b) Low Vision, Color Vision Deficiency

Question 88

What are the specific conditions under the Auditory Disabilities category?

Answer 88

Deafness is the total or near total loss of hearing.

Hard of hearing (HOH) refers to people with hearing loss ranging from mild to severe who still have some useful hearing.

Central Auditory Processing Disorder is often described as greater than expected difficulty hearing and understanding speech even though no measurable hearing loss exists.

Question 89

Which of these conditions fall under the Auditory Disabilities category?
a) Difficult Hearing Disorder (DHD), Central Auditory Processing Disorder
b) Functional Speech Sound Disorders, Photosensitive Epilepsy
c) Deafness, Central Auditory Processing Disorder
d) Deafness, Central Hearing and Processing Disorder (CHAPD)

Answer 89

(c)

Deafness is the total or near total loss of hearing.

Central Auditory Processing Disorder is often described as greater than expected difficulty hearing and understanding speech even though no measurable hearing loss exists.

Question 90

What are the specific conditions under the Deaf-Blindness category?

Answer 90

Deaf-Blindness (only condition) is a rare condition that uses touch as the primary means of communication.

Definition: Deaf-Blindness is a sensory disability that includes both deafness and blindness. Most people who are Deaf-Blind are not completely deaf nor completely blind and retain some hearing and sight capability.

Question 91

What are the specific conditions under the Speech and Language Disabilities category?

Answer 91

Organic Speech Sound Disorders include disorders resulting from motor/neurological disorders, including: Apraxia of speech: when the person knows what they want to say but the brain has difficulty planning the movements involved in speaking | Dysarthria: difficulty controlling the muscles used to speak | Structural deficiencies: cleft lip palate | Sensory/perceptual disorders e.g. hearing loss

Functional Speech Sound Disorders do not stem from acquired or developmental disorders and have no known cause. Typically include errors in articulation (clear and distinct sounds) and phonology (sound patterns).

No Speech, or mutism, is an inability to speak.

Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from neurological damage. It affects all use of language, not just speech.

Question 92

Which of these conditions fall under the Auditory Disabilities category?
a) Deafness, Low Hearing
b) Auditory Muscle Fatigue, Deafness
c) Organic Speech Sound Disorders, Functional Speech Sound Disorders
d) Hard of hearing (HOH), Deafness

Answer 92

(d)

Deafness is the total or near total loss of hearing.

Central Auditory Processing Disorder is often described as greater than expected difficulty hearing and understanding speech even though no measurable hearing loss exists.

Question 93

What are the specific conditions under the Auditory Disabilities category?
a) Hard of hearing (HOH), Autism Spectrum Disorders
b) Central Auditory Processing Disorder, Hard of hearing (HOH)
c) Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), Auditory Ambulation
d) Deafness, Low Hearing

Answer 93

(b)

Hard of hearing (HOH) refers to people with hearing loss ranging from mild to severe who still have some useful hearing.

Central Auditory Processing Disorder is often described as greater than expected difficulty hearing and understanding speech even though no measurable hearing loss exists.

Question 94

What are the specific conditions under the Speech and Language Disabilities category?

Answer 94

Organic Speech Sound Disorders include disorders resulting from motor/neurological disorders, including: Apraxia of speech: when the person knows what they want to say but the brain has difficulty planning the movements involved in speaking | Dysarthria: difficulty controlling the muscles used to speak | Structural deficiencies: cleft lip palate | Sensory/perceptual disorders e.g. hearing loss

Functional Speech Sound Disorders do not stem from acquired or developmental disorders and have no known cause. Typically include errors in articulation (clear and distinct sounds) and phonology (sound patterns).

No Speech, or mutism, is an inability to speak.

Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from neurological damage. It affects all use of language, not just speech.

Question 95

What are the specific conditions under the Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities category?

Answer 95

Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control Fine motor skills are intricate hand and wrist movements needed to manipulate, control, and use objects, produce neat, legible handwriting, and dress independently. Fine motor skills involve coordinated efforts of the brain and muscles and are built on gross motor skills involved in making bigger movements. Disability may be temporary, recurring, or permanent.

Ambulation: The Nursing Outcomes Classification defines ambulation as the ability to walk from place to place independently with or without an assistive device.

Muscle Fatigue is a common non-specific symptom experienced by many people and is associated with many health conditions. It is often defined as an overwhelming sense of tiredness, lack of energy and feeling of exhaustion, and it relates to a difficulty in performing voluntary tasks.

Body Size or Shape disabilities are disabilities caused by disorders that affect a person’s stature, proportions or shape. Examples include acromegaly, dwarfism, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity.

Question 96

Which of these conditions fall under the Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities category?
a) Body Mass or Shape, Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control
b) Ambulation, Photosensitive Epilepsy
c) Muscle Pain, Body Size or Shape
d) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control, Body Size or Shape

Answer 96

(d)

Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control Fine motor skills are intricate hand and wrist movements needed to manipulate, control, and use objects, produce neat, legible handwriting, and dress independently. Fine motor skills involve coordinated efforts of the brain and muscles and are built on gross motor skills involved in making bigger movements. Disability may be temporary, recurring, or permanent.

Body Size or Shape disabilities are disabilities caused by disorders that affect a person’s stature, proportions or shape. Examples include acromegaly, dwarfism, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity.

Question 97

What are the specific conditions under the Cognitive Disabilities category?

Answer 97

Intellectual Disability is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills.

Reading and Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects a person’s ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Reading disabilities may include an inability to perceive text or to process the meaning of words, phrases, and ideas. The disability may be the result of a congenital difference, injury, delayed development, neurological or physical disability.

Math and Computation disabilities impact a person’s ability to learn and communicate math. Dyscalculia involves an inability to understand arithmetic and how to calculate.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is made up of two groups of symptoms: inattention - distraction AND hyperactive - impulsive.

Autism Spectrum Disorders: A group of complex brain development disorders. They cover a large range of conditions with common characteristics including difficulties in social interaction and communication and a restricted and repetitive repertoire of interests and activities. Asperger Syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis but is classified as a form of autism spectrum disorder.

Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD) is very much like Asperger Syndrome (AS), in which people with the syndrome have normal intelligence and language development but have trouble with social skills, sensory input, and making transitions. AS and NLD are generally thought to describe the same kind of disorder but differ in severity, with AS describing more severe symptoms.

Question 98

Which of these conditions fall under the Seizure Disabilities category?
a) Deaf-Blindness, Reading and Dyslexia
b) Photosensitive Epilepsy, Total Seizure Disorders
c) Random Seizure Disorder, Functional Seizure Sound Disorders
d) Photosensitive Epilepsy, General Seizure Disorders

Answer 98

(d)

General Seizure Disorders: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It can cause changes in behavior, movements, or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. If a person has two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, they have epilepsy.

Photosensitive Epilepsy is a condition in which people have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights or patterns. There are 2 groups of people who have photosensitive epilepsy: people who only have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights, or patterns (sometimes called pure photosensitivity), and people who have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights or patterns but also have seizures at other times.

Question 99

Which of these conditions fall under the Psychological Disabilities category?
a) Anxiety Disorders, Manic Disorders
b) Anxiety Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorders
c) Psychotic Disorders, Anxiety Disorders
d) Cognitive Disorders, Anxiety Disorders

Answer 99

(c)

Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder.

Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Question 100

Which of these conditions fall under the Psychological Disabilities category?
a) Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorders
b) Mood Disorders, Psychosomatic Disorders
c) Anxiety Disorders, Hard of hearing (HOH)
d) Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders

Answer 100

(d)

Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder.

Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder

Question 101

What are the specific conditions under the Psychological Disabilities category?
a) Mood Disorders, Psychotic Disorders
b) Psychotic Disorders, Attitude Disorders
c) Anxiety Disorders, Reading and Dyslexia
d) Autism Spectrum Disorders, Muscle Fatigue

Answer 101

(a)

Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder

Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Question 102

Which of these conditions fall under the Seizure Disabilities category?
a) General Seizure Disorders, Photosensitive Epilepsy
b) Photosensitive Disorder, Muscle Seizure Disorders
c) Light Sensitivity, Neurological Seizures
d) Light-sensitive Epilepsy, General Seizure Disorders

Answer 102

(a)

General Seizure Disorders: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It can cause changes in behavior, movements, or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. If a person has two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, they have epilepsy.

Photosensitive Epilepsy is a condition in which people have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights or patterns. There are 2 groups of people who have photosensitive epilepsy: people who only have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights, or patterns (sometimes called pure photosensitivity), and people who have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights or patterns but also have seizures at other times.

Question 103

Which of these conditions fall under the Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities category?
a) Ambulation, Muscle Fatigue
b) Body Size, Ambulation Disorder
c) Central Auditory Processing Disorder, Muscle Fatigue
d) Ambulation, Muscle Loss

Answer 103

(a)

Ambulation: The Nursing Outcomes Classification defines ambulation as the ability to walk from place to place independently with or without an assistive device.

Muscle Fatigue is a common non-specific symptom experienced by many people and is associated with many health conditions. It is often defined as an overwhelming sense of tiredness, lack of energy and feeling of exhaustion, and it relates to a difficulty in performing voluntary tasks.

Question 104

Which of these conditions fall under the Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities category?
a) Muscle Fatigue, Weight Gain
b) Ambulation, Body Size or Shape
c) Ability to Reach, Manual Dexterity Loss
d) Ambulatory Loss, High Body Mass

Answer 104

(b)

Ambulation: The Nursing Outcomes Classification defines ambulation as the ability to walk from place to place independently with or without an assistive device.

Body Size or Shape disabilities are disabilities caused by disorders that affect a person’s stature, proportions or shape. Examples include acromegaly, dwarfism, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity.

Question 105

Which of these conditions fall under the Mobility, Flexibility, and Body Structure Disabilities category?
a) Manual Dexterity/Articulation Control, Ambulation
b) Muscle Fatigue, Hard of hearing (HOH)
c) Muscle Fatigue, Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control
d) Body Mass, Muscle Loss

Answer 105

(c)

Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control Fine motor skills are intricate hand and wrist movements needed to manipulate, control, and use objects, produce neat, legible handwriting, and dress independently. Fine motor skills involve coordinated efforts of the brain and muscles and are built on gross motor skills involved in making bigger movements. Disability may be temporary, recurring, or permanent.

Muscle Fatigue is a common non-specific symptom experienced by many people and is associated with many health conditions. It is often defined as an overwhelming sense of tiredness, lack of energy and feeling of exhaustion, and it relates to a difficulty in performing voluntary tasks.

Question 106

What are the specific conditions under the Cognitive Disabilities category?
a) Intellectual Disability, Math and Computation, Autism Spectrum Disorders
b) Autism Spectrum Disorders, Organization Processing Disability, Math and Computation
c) Intellectual Disability, Math and Organization, Autism Spectrum Disorders
d) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control, Ambulation, Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 106

(a)

Intellectual Disability is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills.

Math and Computation disabilities impact a person’s ability to learn and communicate math. Dyscalculia involves an inability to understand arithmetic and how to calculate.

Autism Spectrum Disorders: A group of complex brain development disorders. They cover a large range of conditions with common characteristics including difficulties in social interaction and communication and a restricted and repetitive repertoire of interests and activities. Asperger Syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis but is classified as a form of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 107

What are the specific conditions under the Seizure Disabilities category?

Answer 107

General Seizure Disorders: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It can cause changes in behavior, movements, or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. If a person has two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, they have epilepsy.

Photosensitive Epilepsy is a condition in which people have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights or patterns. There are 2 groups of people who have photosensitive epilepsy: people who only have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights, or patterns (sometimes called pure photosensitivity), and people who have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights or patterns but also have seizures at other times.

Question 108

What are the specific conditions under the Cognitive Disabilities category?
a) Reading and Dyslexia, Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), Hyperactivity Disorder
b) Ambulation, Functional Speech Sound Disorders, Functional Reading Disorder
c) Reading and Dyslexia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD)
d) Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), Reading and Dyslexia, Attention Deficit Disorder

Answer 108

(c)

Reading and Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects a person’s ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Reading disabilities may include an inability to perceive text or to process the meaning of words, phrases, and ideas. The disability may be the result of a congenital difference, injury, delayed development, neurological or physical disability.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is made up of two groups of symptoms: inattention - distraction AND hyperactive - impulsive.

Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD) is very much like Asperger Syndrome (AS), in which people with the syndrome have normal intelligence and language development but have trouble with social skills, sensory input, and making transitions. AS and NLD are generally thought to describe the same kind of disorder but differ in severity, with AS describing more severe symptoms.

Question 109

What are the specific conditions under the Cognitive Disabilities category?
a) Low Vision, Central Auditory Processing Disorder, Math and Computation
b) Math and Computation, Reading and Dyslexia, Intellectual Disability
c) Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), Deaf-Blindness, Intellectual Processing
d) Math and Calculation, Reading and Dyslexia, Intellectual Disability

Answer 109

(b)

Intellectual Disability is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills.

Reading and Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects a person’s ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Reading disabilities may include an inability to perceive text or to process the meaning of words, phrases, and ideas. The disability may be the result of a congenital difference, injury, delayed development, neurological or physical disability.

Math and Computation disabilities impact a person’s ability to learn and communicate math. Dyscalculia involves an inability to understand arithmetic and how to calculate.

Question 110

What are the specific conditions under the Cognitive Disabilities category?
a) Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders
b) Math and Computation, Learning and Dyslexia, Intellectual Disability
c) Nonverbal Processing Disability (NPD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders
d) No Speech, Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), Math and Computation

Answer 110

(a)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is made up of two groups of symptoms: inattention - distraction AND hyperactive - impulsive.

Autism Spectrum Disorders: A group of complex brain development disorders. They cover a large range of conditions with common characteristics including difficulties in social interaction and communication and a restricted and repetitive repertoire of interests and activities. Asperger Syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis but is classified as a form of autism spectrum disorder.

Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD) is very much like Asperger Syndrome (AS), in which people with the syndrome have normal intelligence and language development but have trouble with social skills, sensory input, and making transitions. AS and NLD are generally thought to describe the same kind of disorder but differ in severity, with AS describing more severe symptoms.

Question 111

What are the specific conditions under the Psychological Disabilities category?

Answer 111

Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder.

Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder

Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Question 112

What are the specific conditions under the Multiple or Complex disabilities category?

Answer 112

Multiple or complex disabilities is when more than one disability is present within a person at the same time. They can include physical, mental, or a combination of types. In terms of education, this category is used for students with the most profound disabilities. In some countries, like the US, the definition of multiple disabilities does not include deaf blindness since this condition has a special classification in legislation concerning, for example, education.

Question 113

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person is completely blind (so cannot see anything)
a) Autism Spectrum Disorders
b) Color Vision Deficiency
c) Low Vision
d) Blindness

Answer 113

d) Blindness

Question 114

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person can perceive light versus dark; general shapes of large objects but cannot read text; or recognize people by sight
a) Deaf-Blindness
b) Math and Computation
c) Blindness
d) Color Vision Deficiency

Answer 114

c) Blindness

Question 115

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person cannot distinguish between reds and greens
a) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
b) Reading and Dyslexia
c) Low Vision
d) Color Vision Deficiency

Answer 115

d) Color Vision Deficiency

Question 116

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person cannot distinguish between different colors
a) Low Vision
b) Color Vision Deficiency
c) Aphasia
d) Math and Computation

Answer 116

b) Color Vision Deficiency

Question 117

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person will typically need magnification to read or discern other details
a) Intellectual Disabilities
b) Low Vision
c) Color Blindness
d) Deaf-Blindness

Answer 117

b) Low Vision

Question 118

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person experiences low contrast when trying to read text and graphics
a) Blindness
b) Limited Vision
c) Low Vision
d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 118

c) Low Vision

Question 119

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person may not be able to see the difference between certain colors
a) Low Vision
b) No Speech
c) Vision Disorder
d) Blindness

Answer 119

a) Low Vision

Question 120

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has difficulty hearing sounds
a) Hearing Disorder
b) Hard of Hearing
c) Deafness
d) Intellectual Disabilities

Answer 120

c) Deafness

Question 121

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has impaired hearing in one or both ears resulting in a mild-to-moderate hearing loss
a) Hard of Hearing
b) Central Auditory Processing Disorder
c) Multiple Hearing Loss
d) Deafness

Answer 121

a) Hard of Hearing

Question 122

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has enough hearing ability to process speech using a hearing aid.
a) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
b) Auditory Disorder
c) Hard of Hearing
d) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control

Answer 122

Hard of Hearing

Question 123

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has difficulty with locating the source of a sound; understanding what was said in loud environments; following spoken directions; learning songs or instruments; paying attention; Match the disability characteristic to the category: responding promptly; or learning a new language.
a) No Speech
b) Ear Drum Fatigue
c) Central Auditory Processing Disorder
d) Reading and Dyslexia

Answer 123

c) Central Auditory Processing Disorder

Question 124

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person who is both deaf and blind with the added complexity of meaningful sensory input being limited to touch; smell; and taste (Touch being the only viable means of complex communication).
a) Reading and Dyslexia
b) Deaf-Blindness
c) No Speech
d) Functional Speech Sound Disorders

Answer 124

b) Deaf-Blindness

Question 125

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person experiences slurred or slow speech.
a) Central Auditory Processing Disorder
b) Functional Speech Sound Disorders
c) Organic Speech Deficiency
d) Organic Speech Sound Disorders

Answer 125

d) Organic Speech Sound Disorders

Question 126

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person makes inconsistent speech errors.
a) Intellectual Disabilities
b) Speech Deficiency
c) Speech Computation Disorder
d) Organic Speech Sound Disorders

Answer 126

d) Organic Speech Sound Disorders

Question 127

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person makes distorted sounds.
a) Organic Speech Sound Disorders
b) Sound Organization Disorder
c) Deaf-Blindness
d) Math and Computation

Answer 127

a) Organic Speech Sound Disorders

Question 128

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person experiences errors in tone; stress; or rhythm.
a) Organic Speech Sound Disorders
b) Hard of Hearing
c) Tonal Sound Disorder
d) Aphasia

Answer 128

a) Organic Speech Sound Disorders

Question 129

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person experiences errors in articulation (clear and distinct sounds).
a) Aphasia
b) Functional Speech Sound Disorders
c) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
d) Verbal Articulation Disorder

Answer 129

b) Functional Speech Sound Disorders

Question 130

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person experiences errors phonology (sound patterns).
a) Functional Speech Sound Disorders
b) Sound Pattern Disorder
c) Phonological Speech Disorder
d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 130

a) Functional Speech Sound Disorders

Question 131

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has no speech; suffers from mutism; or has an inability to speak caused by damage to the brain and / or speech muscles; by emotional or psychological reasons; or by a combination of causes.
a) Speech Disorder
b) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
c) No Speech
d) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 131

c) No Speech

Question 132

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person may not recognize words or understand what is being said; be unable to speak or have difficulty saying what they mean; difficulty forming sentences and omitting words.
a) Aphasia
b) Speech Recognition Disorders
c) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
d) Non-Verbal Spectrum Disorders

Answer 132

a) Aphasia

Question 133

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person may have difficulty tying shoelaces or using a keyboard.
a) Central Movement Processing Disorder
b) Low Movement
c) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control
d) Muscle Fatigue

Answer 133

c) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control

Question 134

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person may have scribbly drawing or poor handwriting.
a) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control
b) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
c) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
d) Manual Movement Motor Control (MMMC)

Answer 134

a) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control

Question 135

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person may take a long time to pick up small objects; manipulating objects in hand; or using both hands at the same time.
a) Ambulation Disorders
b) Central Manipulation Processing Disorder
c) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control
d) Slow Movement Disorder

Answer 135

c) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control

Question 136

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person may have inability to do up buttons or zippers.
a) Ambulation
b) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control
c) Organic Dexterity/Fine Motor Disorders
d) Automatic Dexterity/Fine Motor Control

Answer 136

b) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control

Question 137

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person ability to walk may be impacted by congenital conditions; disease; or injury; such as cerebral palsy; neuromuscular disorders; amputation; arthritis; and back injuries.
a) Generalized Movement Disorders
b) Multiple/Complex Disabilities
c) Ambulation
d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 137

c) Ambulation

Question 138

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person may exhibit muscle fatigue caused by a variety of factors (illness; age; medication and treatment side effects; inactivity; and depression).
a) Muscle Disabilities
b) Generalized Movement Disorder (GMD)
c) Inactivity Disorder
d) Muscle Fatigue

Answer 138

d) Muscle Fatigue

Question 139

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person exhibits acromegaly; dwarfism; rheumatoid arthritis; or obesity.
a) Acromegaly and Dwarfism
b) Body Size or Shape
c) Body Size or Arthritis
d) Arthritis Disabilities

Answer 139

b) Body Size or Shape

Question 140

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has challenges with conceptual skills (language; reading; writing; managing time; managing numbers; reasoning; knowledge; memory).
a) Psychotic Intellectual Disorders
b) Bipolar Disorder
c) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
d) Intellectual Disabilities

Answer 140

d) Intellectual Disabilities

Question 141

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has challenges with social skills (interpersonal skills; social judgment and responsibility; communication skills; the ability to follow rules and the ability to make and keep friendships).
a) No Speech
b) Intellectual Disabilities
c) Math and Computation
d) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 141

b) Intellectual Disabilities

Question 142

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has challenges with practical skills (ability to perform tasks independently such as personal care; job responsibilities; setting up and following schedules; safety; travel and transportation; managing money; and organizing school and work tasks).
a) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
b) Functional Disorders
c) Practical Organizational Disorders
d) Intellectual Disabilities

Answer 142

d) Intellectual Disabilities

Question 143

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has an inability to perceive text or to process the meaning of words; phrases; and ideas
a) Reading and Dyslexia
b) Textual Processing Disorder
c) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
d) Intellectual Disabilities

Answer 143

a) Reading and Dyslexia

Question 144

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has trouble grasping the meaning of quantities or concepts like biggest vs smallest.
a) Quantitative Reasoning Disability
b) Social Anxiety Disorder
c) Math and Computation
d) Concepts and Quantities

Answer 144

c) Math and Computation

Question 145

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has trouble counting money or making change.
a) Photosensitive Epilepsy
b) Math and Computation
c) Currency Computation
d) Blindness

Answer 145

b) Math and Computation

Question 146

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has understanding the logic behind math or holding numbers in their head while solving problems.
a) Math and Computation
b) Math Retention
c) Functional Arithmetic Disorders
d) Intellectual Disabilities

Answer 146

a) Math and Computation

Question 147

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has trouble understanding that (5) is the same as (five) and that they both mean five (5) items.
a) Memory Fatigue
b) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
c) Blindness
d) Math and Computation

Answer 147

d) Math and Computation

Question 148

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has trouble estimating time.
a) Aphasia
b) Bipolar Disorder
c) Math and Computation
d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 148

c) Math and Computation

Question 149

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has diminished attention span; is distracted by stimuli from the surroundings; has difficulty starting or finishing tasks; is forgetful.
a) Autism Spectrum Disorders
b) General Seizure Disorders
c) Deaf-Blindness
d) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 149

d) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 150

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person is restless and having difficulties controlling that sensation; having difficulty remaining seated; fidgeting; having difficulty waiting in turn; overly talkative - interrupting conversations.
a) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
b) Manual Dexterity/Fine Motor Control
c) Autism Spectrum Disorders
d) Bipolar Disorder

Answer 150

a) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 151

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has a sensitivity to sound; smell; or light.
a) Functional Speech Sound Disorders
b) General Seizure Disorders
c) Photosensitive Epilepsy
d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 151

d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 152

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has difficulties with verbal and non-verbal communication; understanding facial expressions; or find it hard to understand non-literal expressions.
a) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
b) Social Anxiety Disorder
c) Autism Spectrum Disorders
d) Intellectual Disabilities

Answer 152

c) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 153

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has challenges in social interactions such as recognizing other people’s emotions and intentions; or feel overwhelmed in social situations.
a) Social Anxiety Disorder
b) Psychotic Disorders
c) Cognitive Overload Disorder (COD)
d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 153

d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 154

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has Great vocabulary and verbal expression; excellent memory skills; attention to detail but missing the big picture; poor abstract reasoning; concrete thinking; physical awkwardness; poor social skills; trouble adjusting to changes; anxiety; depression; low self-esteem.
a) Psychotic Disorders
b) Non-Verbal Learning Disability
c) Reasoning Disorders
d) Physical Awareness Deficiency

Answer 154

b) Non-Verbal Learning Disability

Question 155

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has a variety of symptoms ranging from visual hallucinations and an inability to speak to convulsions and falling down.
a) Psychotic Disorders
b) Epilepsy
c) Functional Speech Vision Disorders
d) General Seizure Disorders

Answer 155

d) General Seizure Disorders

Question 156

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights or patterns.
a) General Seizure Disorders
b) Light Sensitivity
c) Photosensitive Epilepsy
d) Epilepsy

Answer 156

c) Photosensitive Epilepsy

Question 157

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person feels restless or wound-up or on-edge; has difficulty concentrating; is easily fatigued; has sleep problems; has headaches - muscle aches - stomachaches - unexplained pains.
a) Functional Concentration Disorders
b) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
c) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
d) Non-Verbal Learning Disability

Answer 157

c) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Question 158

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person experiences pounding or racing heart; sweating; trembling or tingling; chest pain; feelings of impending doom; feelings of being out of control.
a) Panic Disorder
b) Bipolar Disorder
c) Social Anxiety Disorder
d) Central Auditory Processing Disorder

Answer 158

a) Panic Disorder

Question 159

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person feels very self-conscious - embarrassed - awkward in front of other people; exhibits blushing - sweating - trembling - rapid heart rate - feeling like their mind is blank; feels nauseous; has a rigid body posture - little eye contact - speaking with an overly soft voice.
a) Ambulation
b) Panic Disorder
c) Social Anxiety Disorder
d) Reading and Dyslexia

Answer 159

c) Social Anxiety Disorder

Question 160

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person lacks energy; feels sad - hopeless - irritable; has difficulty concentrating and remembering things; has difficulty sleeping.
a) Psychotic Disorders
b) Low Energy Disorder
c) Functional Speech Sound Disorders
d) Bipolar Disorder

Answer 160

d) Bipolar Disorder

Question 161

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person feels full of energy with great new ideas and important plans; feels very happy or overjoyed; is easily distracted or agitated; makes decisions or saying things that are out of character and that others see as being risky or harmful.
a) Bipolar Disorder
b) Intellectual Disabilities
c) Panic Disorder
d) Psychotic Disorders

Answer 161

a) Bipolar Disorder

Question 162

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person experiences delusions that involve believing things that are not true; like someone following you or the TV sending secret messages.
a) Psychosis
b) Ambulation
c) Central Auditory Processing Disorder
d) Psychotic Disorders

Answer 162

d) Psychotic Disorders

Question 163

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person experiences hallucinations that involve perceiving (hearing - seeing - feeling) things that are not there.
a) Intellectual Disabilities
b) Psychotic Disorders
c) Muscle Fatigue
d) Mental Disorders

Answer 163

b) Psychotic Disorders

Question 164

Match the disability characteristic to the category: Person has multiple disabilities and shows deficits in intellectual functioning; sensory functioning; adaptive skills; communication skills; or motor skills.
a) Intellectual Disabilities
b) Multiple Disabilities
c) Multiple/Complex Disabilities
d) Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 164

c) Multiple/Complex Disabilities

Question 165

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) Products and equipment that require a standing position or are difficult to reach or manipulate such as automatic teller machines (ATMs); health care or workplace equipment that is not accessible. Steps; thresholds; and other obstacles to gaining entry to a space.
b) People who do not adequately describe navigation steps or visual information
c) Sounds masking informative sounds like directional cues
d) Media players that do not support captions; or do not contain options to control the volume; or customize the size and color of captions

Answer 165

b) People who do not adequately describe navigation steps or visual information

Question 166

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) People who speak softly or in large spaces without aids such as microphones
b) Inadequate lighting
c) Sounds masking informative sounds like directional cues
d) Non-tactile signs

Answer 166

b) Inadequate lighting

c) Sounds masking informative sounds like directional cues

d) Non-tactile signs

Question 167

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) Tables without knee and toe clearance
b) Understanding and using controls
c) Social stigma
d) Objects in travel paths that become obstacles

Answer 167

d) Objects in travel paths that become obstacles

Question 168

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) Poor lighting conditions that prevent lip-reading
b) Text; images; and page layouts that cannot be resized or lose information when resized
c) Materials; such as books; restaurant menus; and navigation aids are not available in alternate formats such as digital files or braille
d) Lack of knowledge among healthcare providers for accurate diagnoses and treatment

Answer 168

b) Text, images, and page layouts that cannot be resized or lose information when resized

c) Materials, such as books, restaurant menus, and navigation aids are not available in alternate formats such as digital files or braille.

Question 169

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) Missing visual and non-visual orientation cues, page structure, and other navigational aids
b) Video content that does not have text or audio alternatives; or an audio description track
c) Absence of sign language interpretation
d) Keeping focused

Answer 169

a) Missing visual and non-visual orientation cues, page structure, and other navigational aids

b) Video content that does not have text or audio alternatives, or an audio description track

Question 170

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) Filling out forms
b) Narrow walkways; doorways; passages; or aisles
c) Text and images with insufficient color contrast between foreground and background
d) Lack of braille transcripts of video or audio materials

Answer 170

c) Text and images with insufficient color contrast between foreground and background

Question 171

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) Tables without knee and toe clearance
b) Products and equipment that require a standing position or are difficult to reach or manipulate such as automatic teller machines (ATMs); health care or workplace equipment that is not accessible.Steps; thresholds; and other obstacles to gaining entry to a space.
c) Websites; web browsers; and authoring tools that do not enable users to set up custom color combinations
d) Websites, web browsers, and authoring tools that do not work fully when using a keyboard

Answer 171

c) Websites, web browsers, and authoring tools that do not enable users to set up custom color combinations

d) Websites, web browsers, and authoring tools that do not work fully when using a keyboard

Question 172

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) In websites and other technologies: images; controls; and other meaningful elements that do not have text alternatives
b) People who speak softly or in large spaces without aids such as microphones
c) Conversations; interactions; and meetings where accessing communication from multiple speakers is challenging
d) Body shaming and social discrimination.

Answer 172

a) In websites and other technologies: images, controls, and other meaningful elements that do not have text alternatives

Question 173

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with visual disabilities?
a) Inconsistent, unpredictable, or overly complicated navigation mechanisms and page functions
b) Social stigma
c) Web browsers and media players that do not provide controls to stop or turn off video or animations
d) Absence of sign language interpretation

Answer 173

a) Inconsistent, unpredictable, or overly complicated navigation mechanisms and page functions

Question 174

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with auditory disabilities?
a) People who speak softly or in large spaces without aids such as microphones
b) Finding important information
c) Activities in which a sudden loss of consciousness could cause serious harm; such as swimming; taking a bath; or using power tools.
d) Non-tactile signs

Answer 174

a) People who speak softly or in large spaces without aids such as microphones

Question 175

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with auditory disabilities?
a) High shelves or high counters
b) Time-outs that cause stress and make it difficult to plan
c) Conversations, interactions, and meetings where accessing communication from multiple speakers is challenging
d) Students: lack of support for emotional; behavioral and/or cognitive challenges at school

Answer 175

c) Conversations, interactions, and meetings where accessing communication from multiple speakers is challenging

Question 176

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with auditory disabilities?
a) Sounds masking informative sounds like directional cues
b) Loud environments or competing sounds such as background noise
c) In websites and other technologies: images; controls; and other meaningful elements that do not have text alternatives
d) Media players that do not support captions, or do not contain options to control the volume, or customize the size and color of captions

Answer 176

b) Loud environments or competing sounds such as background noise

d) Media players that do not support captions, or do not contain options to control the volume, or customize the size and color of captions

Question 177

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with auditory disabilities?
a) Absence of sign language interpretation
b) Poor lighting conditions that prevent lip-reading
c) Complex communication systems
d) Digital interfaces that require interaction via a specific interface such as keyboard or mouse

Answer 177

a) Absence of sign language interpretation

b) Poor lighting conditions that prevent lip-reading

Question 178

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with auditory disabilities?
a) Audio in videos and films presented without captions or transcripts
b) Steps, thresholds, and other obstacles to gaining entry to a space.
c) Moving, blinking; or flickering content in videos; films; websites; and other technologies.
d) Websites and other technologies that require voice interaction or listening to engage with content

Answer 178

a) Audio in videos and films presented without captions or transcripts

d) Websites and other technologies that require voice interaction or listening to engage with content

Question 179

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with deaf-blindness?
a) Appliances and controls that are out of reach or require touch instead of voice commands.
b) Managing passwordsUnderstanding information
c) Lack of knowledge among healthcare providers for accurate diagnoses and treatment
d) Lack of tactile sign language interpretation

Answer 179

d) Lack of tactile sign language interpretation

Question 180

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with deaf-blindness?
a) Text and images with insufficient color contrast between foreground and background
b) For materials such as books, menus and navigation aids, lack of printed braille
c) Conversations, interactions, and meetings where accessing communication from multiple speakers is challenging
d) Websites, web browsers, and authoring tools that do not work fully when using a keyboard

Answer 180

b) For materials such as books, menus and navigation aids, lack of printed braille

Question 181

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with deaf-blindness?
a) For websites and other technologies, incorrect or incomplete output to a braille keyboard
b) Conversations, interactions, and meetings where accessing communication from multiple speakers is challenging
c) Time-outs that cause stress and make it difficult to plan
d) Complex communication systems

Answer 181

a) For websites and other technologies, incorrect or incomplete output to a braille keyboard

Question 182

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with deaf-blindness?
a) Lack of understanding and patience by persons when communicating, such as in different service-based contexts
b) Time-outs that cause stress and make it difficult to plan
c) Lack of braille transcripts of video or audio materials
d) Appliances and controls that are out of reach or require touch instead of voice commands.

Answer 182

c) Lack of braille transcripts of video or audio materials

Question 183

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with speech and language disabilities?
a) Finding important information
b) Web browsers and media players that do not provide controls to stop or turn off video or animations
c) Social stigma
d) Complex communication systems

Answer 183

d) Complex communication systems

Question 184

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with speech and language disabilities?
a) Video content that does not have text or audio alternatives, or an audio description track
b) Lack of alternatives for speech communication, such as multimodal or text-based alternatives
c) Missing visual and non-visual orientation cues; page structure; and other navigational aids
d) High shelves or high counters

Answer 184

b) Lack of alternatives for speech communication, such as multimodal or text-based alternatives

Question 185

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with speech and language disabilities?
a) Filling out forms
b) Activities in which a sudden loss of consciousness could cause serious harm; such as swimming; taking a bath; or using power tools
c) Lack of knowledge among healthcare providers for accurate diagnoses and treatment
d) Lack of understanding and patience by persons when communicating; such as in different service-based contexts

Answer 185

d) Lack of understanding and patience by persons when communicating; such as in different service-based contexts

Question 186

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with speech and language disabilities?
a) Non-tactile signs
b) Text and images with insufficient color contrast between foreground and background
c) Not enough time to communicate, access information or respond
d) People who do not adequately describe navigation steps or visual information

Answer 186

c) Not enough time to communicate, access information or respond

Question 187

Which item(s) below are accessibility challenges faced by people with body size or shape disabilities?