Directional Terms, Tissues, Bones Quiz Flashcards
What Does Cranial Mean?
Towards the head, and on the limb the front side
What Does Caudal Mean?
Towards the tail, and on the limb-the back side
What Does Rostral Mean?
On the head, towards the nose
What Does Medial Mean?
Towards the middle or median plane
What Does Lateral Mean?
Away from the middle or median plane
What Does Dorsal Mean?
Towards the top surface of the body, think dorsal fin on dolphin, also top surface of foot
What Does Ventral Mean?
Towards the underside, belly
What Does Proximal Mean?
On the limb, towards the body
What Does Distal Mean?
On the limb, away from the body or towards the foot
What Does Palmar Mean?
The bottom surface of the front foot, the standing surface
What Does Plantar Mean?
The bottom surface of the hind foot, the standing surface
What Does Superficial Mean?
Towards the body surface
What Does Deep Mean?
Towards the inside of the body
What Does Anatomy Mean?
Structure or form of the body, what makes up each part
Regional: by region (head,chest,etc.)
Systemic: by body system (cardiovascular, digestive,etc.)- this is our approach
What Does Physiology Mean?
How the body systems function to allow life
Name The Levels Of Body Organization From Cell-Organism: Can’t Talk Over Some Orangutans( First letter of each word)
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- System
- Organism
Name The 4 Planes Of Reference- Try Drinking More Sugar(first letter of each)
- Transverse- slicing body into head end and back end
- Dorsal- slicing body into top half and bottom half
- Median- slicing body into left and right equal halves
4.Sagittarius-slicing body into left and right unequal halves(NOT DOWN CENTER)
Name The 2 Body Cavities And What They Contain?- Think About
Thorax(thoracic cavity)
- contains heart,lungs,esophagus
Bounded By:
-Spine dorsally
-Ribs laterally
-Diaphragm caudally
-Neck cranially
-Sternum ventrally
Abdomen( abdominal cavity)
-contains digestive organs(liver,stomach,intestines etc.), reproductive organs, urinary organs
Bounded By:
-Spine dorsally
-Abdominal muscles laterally and ventrally
-Diaphragm cranially
-Pelvis caudally
How Many Bodily Fluid Compartments Are There?
3
Name The Body Fluid Compartments And What They Are
Intracellular- water within cells,makes up most of body water
Extracellular- water outside of cells
Interstitial: water in between cells in tissues
Plasma: water within the bloodstream
What Things Move Between Fluid Compartments?
-Gases(oxygen and carbon dioxide)
-Water
-Nutrients which are used for energy
-Electrolytes( particles that carry an electric charge AKA ions or salts)(sodium,chloride,potassium)
What Are The 4 Tissue Types?
-Epithelial
-Connective
-Muscle
-Nervous
What Are The Functions Of Epithelial Tissue?
-secretion from glands(ex-sweat,milk)
-Absorption(ex-intestine)
-Protection-covers and lines things(ex-skin)
What Are The Functions Of Connective Tissue?
Provides support to other tissues
- All made up of cells plus elastic fibers and collagen fibers that gives strength and flexibility
What Are The Different Types Of CT?
Proper- ex-tendons,fat
-loose CT
a. Areolar- most common type supports and cushions everything
b. Adipose- aka fat, used for cushioning and energy storage
Dense CT
a. Dense regular
-found in tendons and ligaments
-very strong in 1 direction because fires are all aligned
b.Dense irregular
-found in the dermis of skin
-very strong in all directions
How Can You Categorize Epithelial And Generalized Connective Tissue?
Epithelial Tissue- covers and lines other tissues
Generalized CT- supports and connects other tissues
What Is The Structure Of Bone As A Tissue?
Structure:
-Specialized type of CT
- made of a matrix primarily calcium and phosphorus which makes it so hard
a. Cells that create the matrix
-Osteoblasts-create new bone
-Osteocytes-maintains bone once made
What Is The Function Of Bone As A Tissue?
-support/protection- allows movement, protects chest,brain, etc.
-calcium storage
-blood cell production
What Is The Primary Growth Center Of Bones?
Diaphysis
-“shaft” of a long bone
What Is The Secondary Growth Center Of Bones?
Epiphysis
What Is A Growth Plate?AKA Epiphyseal Plate, What Occurs Here?
Junction between diaphysis and epiphysis
-where growth in length occurs in young animals
-if damaged when growing, will distort shape of limb
What Is Compact(dense)Bone?
-stronger then spongy bone but heavier
-usually found in edges of a bone
What is Cancellous (spongy) Bone?
-less weight
-contains bone marrow
a. Red marrow
-found in young animals, made of mostly blood cells
b. Yellow Marrow
-found in adults, made of mostly fat
-not as much blood cell production needed so occurs elsewhere in adults
- found in center of bones
