direct vasodilators Flashcards
What are examples of direct vasodilators
1- hydralazine
2- Minoxidil
3- Diazoxide
4- sodium nitroprusside
5- Fenoldopam
whats the mechanism of hydralazine , minoxidil, diazoxide
increase potassium k efflux —> k leaves —> cell becomes paralyzed
whats a difference between arteriole vasodilator and venus dilator
arteriole dilator —> decrease afterload
venus dilator –> decrease preload
what do you usually give with vasodilators ?
bb and diurectis : vasodilators cause reflex tachycardia and increased RAAS system , you give bb to counter tachycarida and diuretics to counter RAAS
what are the uses of hydralazine?
1- chronic hypertension
2- hypertensive emergencies
3- pregnant hypertension ( number 3 )
-ITS ARTERIOLE DILATOR
what are the side effects hydralazine?
SLE like symptoms and rash
what are the uses of minoxidil
refractory hypertension
hair growth
ITS ARTERIOLE DILATOR
how is diazoxide administered?
IV
what are the uses of diazoxide
1- hypertension emergencies IV
ITS ARTERIOLE DILATOR
what should be administered with diazoxide
furesamide
whats the adverse effect of diazoxide
inhibit insulin release from pancrease like ccb
What are the two examples of nitroprusside?
nitride , nitropres
ARE BOTH VENUS AND ARTERIOLE DILATORS
how nitroprusside is administered?
IV, continuous IV, cuz its effects appear and disappear fast
what are nitroprusside uses
hypertension emergencies
how nitroprusside work?
increase nitric oxide
what do you administer with nitroprusside
furosemide
what type of toxicity can it causes?
cyanide toxcity due to either
1- high dose
2- hepatic failure -> liver cant metabolize cyanide
how do you treat the toxicity?
Sodium thiosulfate
Hydroxycoblamin
what should you protect nitroprusside from?
Light
whats the function fenoldopam
its acts on D1 receptors causing vasodilation PRIMARILY IN RENAL so its good for renal failure
its both vein and arteriole dilator
how fenoldopam administered?
IV, continous iv effects appear and disappear fast like nitroprusside
how are the uses of fenoldopam
hypertensive emergencies
renal failure
what are the adverse effects of fenoldopam?
increase IOP
when is fenoldopam contraindicated
glucoma
what are the drugs used in pregnancy until now?
1- methyl dopa/clonidine
2- nifidipine and his brothers
3- hydralazine
4- bb ( labetalol and carvedalol )
what are the drugs in emergencies until now?
1- IV enalaprilat
2- IV labetalol/carvedolol
3- iv clevidipine
4-hydralazine
5- diazoxide
6- sodium nitroprusside
7- fenoldopam
what are drugs used in renal failure
- clonidine
- BB?
-cc
-ab?
-fenoldopam
