Direct and Indirect Practice Flashcards
Theoretical foundations
Functional/behavioral or psychodynamic:
Taft and Robinson
Agency function within the helping process
Diagnosis is expected to change as client changes
Time bound: beginning, middle, end
Client is capable of choice and free will
Agency gives professional legitimacy
Outcomes focused
The here and now
“What brought you here?”
Functional/behavioral approach
Functional/behavioral theory or psychodynamic:
Focus on some level of the past Limited free will due to past factors Long term therapy Process focused "Why have you come to see me?"
Psychodynamic approach
What are Freud’s five stages of Psychosexual Development?
1) Oral
2) Anal
3) Phallic
4) Latency
5) Genital
Psychosexual development:
0-12 mos
Primary conflict: weaning
Fixation produces: passivity, dependence
Oral
Psychosexual development:
1-3 years
Primary conflict: toilet training
Fixation produces: selfishness, rigidity
Anal
Psychosexual development:
3-6 years
Conflict: Oedipus/Electra complex
Fixation produces: reckless sexual behaviors, narcissism
Phallic
Psychosexual development:
6-12 years
Conflict: Social skills
Latency
Psychosexual development:
12 + years
Sexuality becomes focused into mature and adult love and sexual satisfication
Genital
Freud’s Three Divisions of the Personality
ID
Ego
SuperEgo
Freud’s Three divisions of the personality:
Libido energy, childlike, impulsive
Id
Freud’s Three divisions of the personality
Mediating force between the Id and the SuperEgo
Ego
Freud’s Three divisions of the personality:
The conscience, the morality, the place where the guilt lies
SuperEgo
Define Primary Process Thinking
Freud
Language of the unconscious (slips of the tongue, dreams, free associations, etc.)
Who is credited for the psychodynamic theory of Ego Psychology?
Anna Freud
Eric Erikson
The four practice pieces of Ego Psychology are…
Suggestion
Abreaction
Manipulation
Clarification and Interpretation
Why do we have defense mechanisms?
To control anxiety
A person deals with emotional conflicts or stressors by channeling the maladaptive feelings or impulses into acceptive behavior:
Sublimation
A person deals with emotional conflict or stressors by actively avoiding thinking about the problems:
Suppression
A person deals with emotional conflict or stressors by unconsciously pushing the problems out of their awareness:
Repression
Dealing with emotions or stressors by transferring the feelings or responses from one thing to another (usually less threatening) thing:
Displacement
Dealing with emotional conflict and stressors through abstract thinking or generalizations:
Intellectualization
Dealing with emotions or stressors by substituting behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that are opposed to that person’s own “unacceptable” thoughts and feelings:
Reaction formation
Dealing with emotional conflict and stressors by expelling thoughts from the conscious awareness
Repression
Attributing exaggerated negative qualities to self or others
Devaluation
Attributing exaggerated positive qualities to self or others
Idealization
Falsely attributing one’s own thoughts and feelings to others
Projection
Concealing true motivations through the elaboration of reassuring or self-serving and incorrect explanations
Rationalization
In dealing with emotional conflict or stressors by falsely attributing to others and to have that individual reflect it back despite understanding original intent
“Hint: Dr. D’s Killing Me Softly)
Projective identification
Compartmentalizing opposite affective states and not integrating positive and negative qualities of self or others into a cohesive images; polar opposites, black or white
Splitting
Dealing with emotions and stressors through actions as opposed to reflections or feelings; often seen in adolescents and children
Acting out
Indirectly and unassertively expressing aggression towards others despite a facade of overt compliance
Passive aggression
Holding onto beliefs even when evidence to the contrary
Delusional projection
Complete split from reality based interpretation of activities and events
Psychotic denial
The individual cannot see things as others do and misinterprets what is happening
psychotic distortion
Emotions from unresolved issues going from client to therapist
Transference (positive and negative)
Emotions from unresolved issues going from therapist to client:
Counter-transference
How does one deal with transference?
Recognize
Process use or don’t use
confront client
How does one deal with counter transference
Recognize
Process without client
Seek supervision or professional support
Reflection
Conversational technique to encourage further understanding and expression
Paraphrase
Restating the client’s words to push client’s understanding of issue further
Which therapeutic model uses the “empty chair”?
Gestalt
Which therapeutic model:
Focuses on taking responsibility for all aspect’s of his/her life;
The only real time is the present and only the present tense is used for directed awareness;
Unexpressed guilt is unfinished business;
Use of “I” language
Gestalt
In ________________________, a child must separate and individuate from their mother.
Object relations theory
Rapprochement
The last stage prior to the completion of individuation in object relations theory
Which therapeutic model:
Carl Rogers;
Human relations theory;
Premises made ex post facto
Active listening
Client-Centered Theory
The two primary values of Systems Theory are:
1) Society has an obligation to ensure that people have access to resources and opportunities
2) a person has a right to retain their dignity and individuality while accessing resources
Which therapeutic model:
Goal oriented planned change;
The person/small group is an organic entity with boundaries, purposes, and mechanisms for attaining change and maintaining stability;
Problems are viewed as in environment as opposed to client
Systems theory
In systems theory, what are the four identified systems in which the social work must be involved?
1) Change agent system
2) Client system
3) Target system
4) Action system
Four social worker techniques in systems theory:
Educate
Advocate
Facilitate
Intervention
In systems theory, the eight practice skills areas are:
Assessing problems collecting data Making initial contracts Negotiating contracts Forming action systems Maintaining and coordinating action systems Exercising influence Termianting the change effort
Ecological systems perspective
PIE
Transactional exchanges between the organism and the environment
In the family therapy/systems, treatment is focused on…
The family or group as a whole
Contraindications of family therapy:
Key family members are unavailable
Members are psychotic or have a mental illness that does not allow change
Family is fragile and exploration of dynamics could terminate relationships
Family therapy:
Changes in one part of a system change the whole system
Wholeness
Family therapy:
When influenced by change, the system will react towards restoration of the status quo
Homeostatis
Family therapy:
The family has an identity of its own and the system is considered more than the sum of the individuals
Non-summativity
Family therapy:
The natural tendency to move towards disorder and disorganization
Entropy
Family therapy:
Same result comes from different causes
Equifinality
Family therapy:
One cause can produce different results
Equipotentiality
Who is considered the father of family therapy?
Ackerman
Which family therapy practice is experiential, using communication and humanistic, awareness of the here and now, leads to personal accountability and increased patterns of healthy interaction, stating it is impossible to not communicate and that behavior itself is communication?
Communications (Satir and Whitaker)
Which family therapy practice looks at current and intergenerational relationships and dysfunction, using venograms and eco maps, and the therapist assumes more of a coaching role?
Extended family systems
Which family therapy practice was developed by Minuchin, where behaviors are established through changes in transactional patterns (action before insight), destructing maladaptive transactional patterns, and looks for specific outcomes?
Structural family therapy
Which family therapy practice was developed by Haley and uses communication theory, systems theory, and behaviorism, where emphasis is placed on action as opposed to insight? The therapist often joins the family and actively forces the family to respond differently, focusing on process?
Strategic family therapy
Which family therapy practice was developed by Liberman using behaviorism and social learning theory in order to modify behavioral patterns?
Behavioral family therapy
Who is generally associated with social learning theory?
Albert Bandura
What is key to social learning theory?
Reinforcement and feedback
Intermittent reinforcement is especially powerful.
What are the four major principles of social learning theory?
Specificity
Successive approximations
Modeling
Performance
Define the Classical Model of Conditioning.
Pavlov
Emphasis on antecedents
Relationship between a stimulus and a response is unlearned
Define the Operant Model of Conditioning.
Skinner
Learning and reinforcement
Emphasis on consequences
Applied behavioral analysis is generally associated with behavior theorist:
Skinner
Cognitive Behavior modification is generally associated behavior theorists:
Wolpe and Beck
Behavior therapy/modification:
Increases or strengthens behavior
Reinforcement
Behavior therapy/modification:
Decreases or weakens behavior
Punishment
Behavior therapy/modification:
Taking away, avoiding, subtracting
Negative
Behavior therapy/modification:
Adding/giving something
Positive
Behavior therapy/modification:
If a medication is added to a treatment protocol that induces vomiting whenever the client indulges in a substance, that medication is considered a:
Positive reinforcer
Behavior therapy/modification:
The alarm that sounds when a car starts without the driver having fastened their seatbelt, which results in the driver fastening their seatbelt to stop the sound, is considered:
Negative reinforcer
