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Infectious Disease > Diptheria, Listeria, Bacillus > Flashcards

Diptheria, Listeria, Bacillus Flashcards

1
Q

Diptheria shape

A

CLUB SHAPED….”chinese letters” or V and L palisades

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2
Q

Diptheria gram positive or negative?

A

Positive. But may be Gram variable in smears from respiratory specimens

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3
Q

Diptheria granules

A

THEY HAVE NONE. they do have metachromatic granules though

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4
Q

What are some good mediums to isolate diptheria?

A

Loeffler coagulated serum medum, tellurite agar

must tell the lab that you are looking for it (since it’s so rare)

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of diptheria

A

Respiratory and cutaneous transmission…spread occurs via droplets or direct contact with skin abrasions….very fast infection (incubation 2-4 days = very contagious)

many people can carry it. multiply on mucous membranes (tonsilspharynx)..DOES NOT INVADE deep tissues/blood

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6
Q

What is a virulence factor of diptheria?

A

DIPTHERIA EXOTOXIN. lysogenic bacteriophage carries toxin gene

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7
Q

How does diptheria toxin kill?

A

By inhibiting protein synthesis, toxin can travel through blood (althoug bacteria can’t) and can affect heart (cardiac arrest)

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8
Q

Presentation of diptheria

A

Sore throat, low grade fever, pseudomembrane of necrotic epithelium = suffocation, toxic effects of heart (myocarditis)

BULL NECK (lymphadenopathy and edma)

can also cause paralysis (neuropathy)

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9
Q

Once you determine that you have diptheria…what next?

A

PROMPT Tx!

antitoxin (DAT), antibiotics, cleansing of lesion in cutaneous diptheria)….and VACCINATION DUHHHHH (DTaP, Tdap, Td all defend against diptheria)

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10
Q

How does one get listeria?

A

FOOD BORNE (BLUE BELL OMGGGGG, cheeses, coldcuts, hot dogs, CANALOOP biiiig outbreak)

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11
Q

Who gets listeria?

A

Not many people (immune system can usually defend against it)

But…elderly or AIDS patients (immunocompromised), can infect pregnant women and fetus (perinatal listeriosis)

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12
Q

Shape of listeria

A

club shaped bacillus, can move

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13
Q

Listeria gram negative or positive?

A

Positive

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14
Q

Other characteristics of listeria?

A

Resistant to high salt and bile, weakly hemolytic in plate, teullurite resistant, catalase positive (unlike strep), can multiply at 4 degrees celcius..in your fridge)

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15
Q

Transmission of listeria?

A

contaminated food products, common in dairy cattle

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16
Q

How does listeria invade?

A

Invades epithelial cells, released by invasin/interlain and release from phagosome via listeriolysin O….can multiply when T-cell dependent immune system is compromised

17
Q

What immune components do you need to get rid of listeria?

A

NO VACCINE.

You need activated macrophages and cytotxic T cells, gamma interferon

18
Q

Most common presentations of listeria?

A

Sepsis and meningitis

19
Q

How to treat listeria?

A

Sensitive to antibiotics (BUT NOT CEPHALOSPORINS), must use drug that can penetrate eukarytoci cells (i.e. ampicillin/rifampin)

20
Q

Properties of bacillus

A
  • gram positive
  • produce SPORES, grows in end to end chains
  • non motile
  • grows on simple carbon and nitrogen sources
21
Q

How is bacillus anthrasis (anthrax) transmitted?

A

Zoonotic (human contact with sheep, cattle, horses, etc) hair, bristles, hide, wool.

Can have cutaneous, intestinal, or pulmonary inoculation (no person-to-person transmission)

22
Q

What does anthrax look like in skin?

A

dark, necrotic scar….eschar formation

23
Q

What happens to mediastinum in pulmonary/inhalational anthrax?

A

it widens

24
Q

How does anthrax cause disease?

A

SPORES are phagocytosed by macrophages then germinate…death due to septicemia, toxemia, and shock

25
Q

Virulence factors of anthrax

A

Tripartite toxin (3 subunits), lethal factor (LF), edema factor (EF), protective antigen (PA, needs this for toxins to bind to cell and get activated)

26
Q

How to treat anthrax?

A

antibiotics, vaccines (usually given to military), decontamination, PA inhibitors

27
Q

Is anthrax motile

A

No,

no emolysis either, susceptible to penicillin (but may be too late at that point)

28
Q

What bacillus is a common cause of food poisoning?

A

Bacillus cereus (B. cereus)

Infectious Disease (5 decks)

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