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Science 30 > Diploma Review > Flashcards

Diploma Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Abiotic factor

A

Physical, non-living part of the environment

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2
Q

Absorption spectrum or dark-line spectrum

A

A spectrum that has a pattern of dark lines due to the light passing through an absorbing medium; can used to identify a material

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3
Q

Acid

A

The substance that donates or loses a hydrogen ion to another substance during a chemical reaction

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4
Q

Acid deposition

A

Airborne particles containing acids or acid-forming substances contained within precipitation (wet deposition) or that absorb directly into parts of Earth’s surface (dry deposition)

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5
Q

Acid rain

A

Any form of precipitation (wet deposition) containing an excess amount of dissolved acids; wet deposition with a pH of 5.6 or less

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6
Q

Acquired traits

A

Traits acquired during a person’s lifetime because of experiences, education, and upbringing

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7
Q

Algal bloom

A

A rapid increase in the population of algae

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8
Q

Alkaline

A

Having the properties of a base

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9
Q

Allele

A

An alternative form of a gene responsible for a trait

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10
Q

Alpha particle

A

A positively charged particle consisting of two neutrons and two protons, which is a helium nucleus

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11
Q

Alpha radiation

A

A stream of alpha particles (4/2Helium) emitted from unstable nuclei; one of the three principle types of nuclear radiation

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12
Q

Alternating current (AC)

A

A flow of charges that reverses directions at regular intervals

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13
Q

Amino acid

A

One of the 20 possible building blocks of proteins determined by the genetic code of DNA

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14
Q

Ammeter

A

An instrument that measures the electric current flowing through a component in a circuit

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15
Q

Amniocentesis

A

A prenatal test done to look at the karyotype of an unborn child

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16
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

A life-threatening, severe reaction of the immune system to an antigen that results in severe swelling and may affect the muscles involved in breathing

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17
Q

Aneurysm

A

A widening or bulging of a blood vessel due to a weakening of the vessel wall

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18
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by a narrowing of vessels that supply blood to the heart tissue

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19
Q

Antenna

A

A transmitter or receiver of electromagnetic energy

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20
Q

Anthropogenic

A

Coming from human activity

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21
Q

Antibiotic

A

A drug that fights bacterial infections

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22
Q

Antibody

A

A protein molecule produced by a B-cell designed to bind to a specific antigen to facilitate its destruction

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23
Q

Antigen

A

A complex molecule on the surface of an invading pathogen that triggers an immune response

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24
Q

Antioxidant

A

A substance that prevents the oxidation of another substance; a substance present within the body or other materials that reacts with free radicals to protect important components

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25
Q

Antiseptic

A

A solution or substance that prevents or inhibits growth of micro-organism

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26
Q

Antiviral drug

A

A type of medication that controls or cures an infection from a virus

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27
Q

Aorta

A

The largest artery in the body; carries oxygen rich blood from theft ventricle of the heart
Branches of the aorta form the body’s main arteries, delivering oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

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28
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A solution in which water is the solvent

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29
Q

Armature

A

The section of a motor or generator that rotates, consisting of a coil of wire, a rotating shaft, and a commutator

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30
Q

Aromatic ring

A

Another name for benzene ring

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31
Q

Arteriole

A

A small artery that joins a larger artery to a capillary

32
Q

Artery

A

A thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

33
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

The production of genetically identical offspring from one individual

34
Q

Astronomy

A

The science of objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth’s atmosphere

35
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A hardening of the arteries due to the accumulation of fatty deposits

36
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; determines the identity of an element

37
Q

Atrium

A

The smaller upper chamber that receives blood returning to the heart

38
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

A disorder in which the immune system produces antibodies against the body’s own cells

39
Q

Autosomal cell

A

A cell of the body not involved in sexual reproduction

40
Q

Autosomal inheritance

A

Traits controlled by genes found on the 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes

41
Q

B-cell

A

A type of white blood cell that produces antibody molecules when stimulated by helper T-cells

42
Q

Bacteria

A

Microscopic, single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; reproduction is chiefly by cell division to produce identical daughter cells

43
Q

Base

A

The substance that accepts or gains a hydrogen ion from another substance during a chemical reaction

44
Q

Base pair

A

The two nucleotides connected on opposite sides of complementary strands of the DNA molecule
A - T
G - C

45
Q

Beaming

A

The communication of data between wireless devices using a beam of infrared light

46
Q

Benzene ring

A

The hexagonal-ring-shaped chemical structure formed by the six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms or other atoms

47
Q

Beta decay

A

A spontaneous change in which an unstable nucleus emits beta radiation
Electron in products

48
Q

Beta particle

A

A high-speed electron emitted from an unstable nucleus; the result of the change of a neutron to a proton during a nuclear reaction

49
Q

Beta radiation

A

A stream of beta particles emitted from unstable nuclei; one of three principle types of nuclear radiation

50
Q

Bias

A

A preference for one particle point of view that interferes with neutral or objective decision making

51
Q

Biconcave

A

The shape of red blood cells where cells are flat but dip inwards on the centre on top and bottom

52
Q

Biochemical (biological) oxygen demand (BOD)

A

A measure of the amount of oxygen required for the decomposition of matter

53
Q

Biodegradable

A

Ability to be broken down by natural mechanisms

54
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life in all its forms, including the genetic diversity and numbers and types of organisms within an ecosystem

55
Q

Biofuel

A

A fuel produced from renewable biological resources, including biomass

56
Q

Biogeochemical cycle

A

A diagram representing the movement of elements and compounds between living and non-living components of an ecosystem

57
Q

Biomagnification

A

The tendency of a pollutant to appear at higher concentrations at higher levels in a food chain

58
Q

Biomass

A

Plant matter or agricultural waste from recently living sources used as a fuel or as an energy source

59
Q

Bioplastic

A

An organic polymer produced by plants or bacteria that can be used in place of synthetic polymers to form materials

60
Q

Biotic factor

A

A living organism in the environment

61
Q

Bioweapons

A

Genetically modified disease-causing organisms designed to infect people and either make them sick or kill them

62
Q

Black hole

A

An area in space with a gravitational field so strong that neither matter nor EMR can escape; formed as the last stage of high-mass stars

63
Q

Blood clot

A

A jelly-like solid mass consisting mainly of red blood cells trapped in a net of fibrin fibres

64
Q

Blood pressure

A

The pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels such as arteries

65
Q

Blue shift

A

An increase in frequency due to a source of EMR moving toward an observer, due to the Doppler effect

66
Q

Broad-spectrum pesticide

A

A chemical substance that can control the population of a large variety of organisms

67
Q

Brush

A

A stationary part of a motor or generator that makes electrical contact with the rotating commutator

68
Q

Buffering

A

A chemical reaction to minimize a change to the hydronium-ion concentration in soil or water

69
Q

Buffering capacity

A

The relative ability of a substance to resist change to its pH despite the addition of an acid or base

70
Q

Calorimeter

A

A device that measures energy changes

71
Q

CANDU

A

Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor; a nuclear reactor technology developed in Canada
Uses nuclear fission

72
Q

Capillary

A

A tiny blood vessel that connects the smallest branch of an artery to the smallest branch of a vein
Delivers nutrients to the cell and removes waste

73
Q

Capillary bed

A

A network of capillaries in a particular area or organ of the body

74
Q

Carbon economy

A

An economy that depends on fossil fuels as the primary source of energy, resulting in excessive emissions of carbon dioxide

75
Q

Carbonyl functional group

A

The functional group formed by the joining of an oxygen atom to a carbon atom by a double bond

Science 30 (9 decks)

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