Diploma Part B Flashcards
Acronyms
Words that are formed from the first letters or parts of the words in a group.
Alliteration
Use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse.
Allusion
A universal reference that everybody recognizes.
Association
Relates new learning to something you already know.
Audience
The readership for printed matter (also known as the reader), as for a book or the people assembled to watch a play or movie, etc.
Chance
An event happening by unexplainable reasons, luck, a risk, or the likelihood of something happening.
Character
A person in a play, story, novel, etc.
Cosmic Irony
This type of irony can be attributed to some sort of misfortune. Usually cosmic irony is the end result of fate or chance.
Destiny
Your future or the pre-ordained path of your life; fate.
Dramatic Irony
Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.
Euphemism
The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant.
Exaggeration
A thought, statement, or written idea that is portrayed as greater than it actually is; magnification beyond the fact; overstatement.
Fate
The power or agency supposed to determine the outcome of events before they occur; destiny.
First Person Point of View
The narrators explicitly refer to themselves using words and phrases involving “I” (referred to as the first-person singular) and/or “we” (the first-person plural).
Hyperbole
The use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally.
Initialisms
Abbreviations that are formed from the first letters or parts of the words in a group. Unlike acronyms, initialisms cannot be pronounced as a word themselves.
Irony
Best defined as that middle ground between what is said and what is meant, or others’ understanding of what was said and what was meant. It can sometimes be a bit confusing, yet at the same time it can also be amusing.
Juxtaposition
The act or placement of two things (usually abstract concepts) near each other.
Literal
A translation that strictly follows the exact words. Literal language says what it means directly without any euphemisms or figurative language.
Luck
The good or bad things that happen by chance.
Metaphor
A metaphor is the comparison of two things but doesn’t use the word “like” or “as” in the sentence, phrase or clause.
Mnemonic
These devices are sentences or phrases that you create to remember a list or group of items.
Onomatopoeia
The naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it.
Oxymoron
A figure of speech that combines contradictory terms.
Paradox
An argument that produces an inconsistency, typically within logic or common sense.
Parallelism
Using elements in sentences that are grammatically similar or identical in structure, sound, meaning, or meter. This technique adds symmetry, effectiveness and balance to the written piece. Also known as parallel structure.
Point of View
A way in which a person looks at the world or the angle from which a specific situation should be viewed.
Prophecy
A vision or a prediction for the future.
Sarcasm
A popular form of irony where the user intends to wittily attack or make a derogatory statement about something or someone. Often, sarcasm is confused with irony instead of being a recognized form of irony.
Pun
A form of word play that suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical
Rhetoric
The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively.
Second Person Point of View
The protagonist or another main character is referred to by employment of second-person personal pronouns and other kinds of addressing forms, for example the English second-person pronoun “you”or “your”.
Satire
Used in many works of literature to show foolishness or vice in humans, organizations, or even governments - it uses sarcasm, ridicule, or irony.
Situational Irony
This type of irony may occur when the outcome of a certain situation is completely different than what was initially expected. It is often referred to as an “irony of events.”
Simile
A comparison using “like” or “as” in a clause or phrase.
Syllable
A part of a word that is pronounced with one uninterrupted sound.
Third Person Point of View
Each and every character is referred to by the narrator as “he”, “she”, “it”, or “they”. In third-person narrative, it is obvious that the narrator is not a character of any kind within the story being told.
Understatement
A form of speech that contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected.
Visualizing
Requires you to use your mind’s eye to “see” a chart, list, map, diagram, or sentence as it is in your textbook or notes, on the chalkboard or computer screen, or in a display.
Verbal Irony
A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant.
Accent
the emphasis or stress placed on a particular syllable in a poetic foot.
Allegory
a type of extended symbolism in which abstract ideas or concepts (truth, beauty, evil) are made concrete through personification.
Alliteration
a series of words that begin with the same letter or sound (now or never).
Allusion
an indirect reference to a person, object, or action.
Ambiguity
a multiple meaning in a poem or story.
Analogy
an extended comparison of two things that resemble each other but are not exactly alike.
Annotation
a note supplied in the margin or at the end of a text.
Assonance
imperfect rhyme in which the stressed vowels correspond (cloud and shout) .
Ballad
a simple poem that tells a story and is usually meant to be sung.
Beginning Rhyme
rhyming of sounds at the beginning of lines of verse.
Blank Verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter, the most popular of all verse lines for English poetry.
Conceit
an elaborate extended simile or figurative comparison with in a poem; used especially by the meta-physical poets.
Connotation
the non-literal meanings a word conveys because of its suggested or implied meanings.
Consonance
imperfect rhyme scheme in which consonant sounds correspond (food and fad).
Couplet
two successive verse lines that are alike in meter and rhyme.
Denotation
the literal or “dictionary” definition of a word.
Double Entendre
double meaning
Empathy
the ability to identify oneself with another person or literary figure.
Dramatic Monologue
a one-sided conversation of one person with another.
Eulogy
a written or spoken expression of praise, generally formal in style
Euphony
the harmonious combination of sounds.
Figurative Language
figures of speech and word combinations that go beyond literal (denotative) meanings.
Free Verse
Verse that does not follow a set metrical pattern but flows like natural speech patterns. In free-verse poetry, the stanza gives the poem form or structure.
Haiku
a popular form of Japanese verse that consists of seventeen syllables in a tercet of five, seven and five syllables per line.
Mood
the prevailing atmosphere or tone of a literary work.
Imagery
Figurative language that conveys sensory impressions.
Motif
A narrative element that serves as the basis for an expanded poem, tale, or song.
Narrator
the teller of a story of poem
Persona
a character used by an author as the narrative voice.
Personification
a figure of speech that attributes human characteristics to animals and inanimate objects, or philosophical abstractions and ideas.
Poetry
an expression of an experience written in verse for, attempting to express a particular content in certain way so as to create a definite effect. It is characterised by its use of figurative language.
Rhyme
the similarity or duplication of sounds, usually in corresponding positions in lines of verse. There are two general types of rhyme
Repetition
a poetical device in which a word of phrase is repeated at irregular intervals throughout a stanza or poem.
Stanza
the recurring group of lines of a poem forming the largest division in terms of metrical form, unified though, and rhyme scheme.
Sonnet
a lyric poem of fourteen lines with a definite rhyme scheme; Pertrarchan
Symbol
an object or image that stands for or suggests something else.
Synecdoche
the use of a part of one thing to signify the whole.
Tension
the feeling of suspense, uncertainty, or anticipation created by conflicting forces within a literary work. It keeps readers engaged and eager to find out what will happen next.
Visual Rhyme
words that have a similar spelling but are not pronounced alike (‘bread,” “thread”)
Anecdote
a short account of a particular incident or event, especially of an interesting or amusing nature.
Longevity
a long individual life
Inconsequential
of little or no importance
Lobbyist
a person who tries to influence legislation on behalf of a special interest
Provocative
tending or serving to provoke
Anachronism
something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological time, especially a thing or person that belongs to an earlier time
